TY - JOUR
T1 - Adding heat to the live-high train-low altitude model
T2 - a practical insight from professional football
AU - Buchheit, Martin
AU - Racinais, Sebastien
AU - Bilsborough, J
AU - Hocking, Jane
AU - Mendez-Villanueva, A
AU - Bourdon, Pitre C.
AU - Voss, S
AU - Livingston, S
AU - Christian, Ryan
AU - Périard, J
AU - Cordy, J
AU - Coutts, Aaron J.
PY - 2013/12
Y1 - 2013/12
N2 - OBJECTIVES: To examine with a parallel group study design the performance and physiological responses to a 14-day off-season 'live high-train low in the heat' training camp in elite football players.METHODS: Seventeen professional Australian Rules Football players participated in outdoor football-specific skills (32 ± 1°C, 11.5 h) and indoor strength (23 ± 1°C, 9.3 h) sessions and slept (12 nights) and cycled indoors (4.3 h) in either normal air (NORM, n=8) or normobaric hypoxia (14 ± 1 h/day, FiO2 15.2-14.3%, corresponding to a simulated altitude of 2500-3000 m, hypoxic (HYP), n=9). They completed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 (Yo-YoIR2) in temperate conditions (23 ± 1°C, normal air) precamp (Pre) and postcamp (Post). Plasma volume (PV) and haemoglobin mass (Hb(mass)) were measured at similar times and 4 weeks postcamp (4WPost). Sweat sodium concentration ((Na(+))(sweat)) was measured Pre and Post during a heat-response test (44°C).RESULTS: Both groups showed very large improvements in Yo-YoIR2 at Post (+44%; 90% CL 38, 50), with no between-group differences in the changes (-1%; -9, 9). Postcamp, large changes in PV (+5.6%; -1.8, 5.6) and (Na(+))sweat (-29%; -37, -19) were observed in both groups, while Hb(mass) only moderately increased in HYP (+2.6%; 0.5, 4.5). At 4WPost, there was a likely slightly greater increase in Hb(mass) (+4.6%; 0.0, 9.3) and PV (+6%; -5, 18, unclear) in HYP than in NORM.CONCLUSIONS: The combination of heat and hypoxic exposure during sleep/training might offer a promising 'conditioning cocktail' in team sports.
AB - OBJECTIVES: To examine with a parallel group study design the performance and physiological responses to a 14-day off-season 'live high-train low in the heat' training camp in elite football players.METHODS: Seventeen professional Australian Rules Football players participated in outdoor football-specific skills (32 ± 1°C, 11.5 h) and indoor strength (23 ± 1°C, 9.3 h) sessions and slept (12 nights) and cycled indoors (4.3 h) in either normal air (NORM, n=8) or normobaric hypoxia (14 ± 1 h/day, FiO2 15.2-14.3%, corresponding to a simulated altitude of 2500-3000 m, hypoxic (HYP), n=9). They completed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 (Yo-YoIR2) in temperate conditions (23 ± 1°C, normal air) precamp (Pre) and postcamp (Post). Plasma volume (PV) and haemoglobin mass (Hb(mass)) were measured at similar times and 4 weeks postcamp (4WPost). Sweat sodium concentration ((Na(+))(sweat)) was measured Pre and Post during a heat-response test (44°C).RESULTS: Both groups showed very large improvements in Yo-YoIR2 at Post (+44%; 90% CL 38, 50), with no between-group differences in the changes (-1%; -9, 9). Postcamp, large changes in PV (+5.6%; -1.8, 5.6) and (Na(+))sweat (-29%; -37, -19) were observed in both groups, while Hb(mass) only moderately increased in HYP (+2.6%; 0.5, 4.5). At 4WPost, there was a likely slightly greater increase in Hb(mass) (+4.6%; 0.0, 9.3) and PV (+6%; -5, 18, unclear) in HYP than in NORM.CONCLUSIONS: The combination of heat and hypoxic exposure during sleep/training might offer a promising 'conditioning cocktail' in team sports.
KW - Acclimatization
KW - Altitude
KW - Athletic Performance
KW - Atmospheric Pressure
KW - Australia
KW - Blood Volume
KW - Exercise
KW - Football
KW - Hemoglobins
KW - Hot Temperature
KW - Humans
KW - Hypoxia
KW - Running
KW - Sleep
KW - Journal Article
KW - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
U2 - 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092559
DO - 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092559
M3 - Article
C2 - 24282209
SN - 0306-3674
VL - 47 Suppl 1
SP - i59-69
JO - British Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - British Journal of Sports Medicine
ER -