TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of time spent gardening with mental wellbeing and life satisfaction in mid-to-late adulthood
AU - Fjaestad, Selma Lunde
AU - Mackelprang, Jessica L.
AU - Sugiyama, Takemi
AU - Chandrabose, Manoj
AU - Owen, Neville
AU - Turrell, Gavin
AU - Kingsley, Jonathan
N1 - Funding Information:
SLJ, JK, JLM, and TS conceptualised this study. GT led the data curation, investigation and funding acquisition of the HABITAT project. SLJ and MC undertook the formal analysis. SLJ wrote up this research supported by JK, JLM, MC, NO and TS. JK, JLM and TS supervised this project. Extensive reviewing and editing of this paper were undertaken by all authors. JK led the review process.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/5
Y1 - 2023/5
N2 - There is relatively limited research investigating the mental health benefits of gardening. In this cross-sectional study, survey data from 4,919 middle-aged and older adults (46–80 years, 57% women) from Brisbane, Australia, were used to examine the associations of time spent gardening (0, 1–149 or ≥150 min/week) with indicators of mental wellbeing (measured with the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing scale) and singe-item measure of life satisfaction. We also investigated whether such associations differed between younger and older age groups (≤63 years and >64 years). Multilevel linear regression models were used to control for individual- and area-level confounders (e.g., gender, neighbourhood disadvantage). Of all participants, 37% reported no gardening, 42% reported gardening for 1–149 min weekly, and 21% reported ≥150 min of weekly gardening. Compared to participants who did not engage in gardening, those who gardened for ≥150 min per week were more likely to report better mental wellbeing (β = 0.64, 95% CI [0.35, 0.93], p < .001; range 7–35) and life satisfaction (β = 0.33, 95% CI [0.18, 0.48], p <. 001; range 1–10). Stratified analyses revealed that these effects were stronger for participants aged 64 years and older. These findings contribute to a burgeoning body of research that indicates gardening may be beneficial for mental health and life satisfaction, that gardening for at least 2.5 hrs per week is linked with better mental health outcomes, and that gardening may be particularly beneficial for older adults.
AB - There is relatively limited research investigating the mental health benefits of gardening. In this cross-sectional study, survey data from 4,919 middle-aged and older adults (46–80 years, 57% women) from Brisbane, Australia, were used to examine the associations of time spent gardening (0, 1–149 or ≥150 min/week) with indicators of mental wellbeing (measured with the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing scale) and singe-item measure of life satisfaction. We also investigated whether such associations differed between younger and older age groups (≤63 years and >64 years). Multilevel linear regression models were used to control for individual- and area-level confounders (e.g., gender, neighbourhood disadvantage). Of all participants, 37% reported no gardening, 42% reported gardening for 1–149 min weekly, and 21% reported ≥150 min of weekly gardening. Compared to participants who did not engage in gardening, those who gardened for ≥150 min per week were more likely to report better mental wellbeing (β = 0.64, 95% CI [0.35, 0.93], p < .001; range 7–35) and life satisfaction (β = 0.33, 95% CI [0.18, 0.48], p <. 001; range 1–10). Stratified analyses revealed that these effects were stronger for participants aged 64 years and older. These findings contribute to a burgeoning body of research that indicates gardening may be beneficial for mental health and life satisfaction, that gardening for at least 2.5 hrs per week is linked with better mental health outcomes, and that gardening may be particularly beneficial for older adults.
KW - Adult
KW - Gardening
KW - Mental health
KW - Psychological wellbeing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150029792&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.101993
DO - 10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.101993
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85150029792
SN - 0272-4944
VL - 87
SP - 1
EP - 8
JO - Journal of Environmental Psychology
JF - Journal of Environmental Psychology
M1 - 101993
ER -