Abstract
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | The Inaugural India International Hotel, Travel Tourism Research Conference: Examing Debating Trends, Challenges Issues: Proceedings |
Place of Publication | India |
Publisher | Banarsidas Chandiwala Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology |
Pages | 36-45 |
Number of pages | 10 |
ISBN (Print) | 9788192085005 |
Publication status | Published - 2011 |
Externally published | Yes |
Event | The Inaugural India International Hotel, Travel & Tourism Research Conference : Examing & Debating Trends, Challenges and Issues - New Delhi, India Duration: 19 Jan 2011 → 22 Jan 2011 |
Conference
Conference | The Inaugural India International Hotel, Travel & Tourism Research Conference : Examing & Debating Trends, Challenges and Issues |
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Country | India |
City | New Delhi |
Period | 19/01/11 → 22/01/11 |
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Behaviour analysis of the urban environment : linking city design to crime against tourists. / Inbakaran, Robert; Arrowsmith, Colin.
The Inaugural India International Hotel, Travel Tourism Research Conference: Examing Debating Trends, Challenges Issues: Proceedings. India : Banarsidas Chandiwala Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology, 2011. p. 36-45.Research output: A Conference proceeding or a Chapter in Book › Conference contribution
TY - GEN
T1 - Behaviour analysis of the urban environment : linking city design to crime against tourists
AU - Inbakaran, Robert
AU - Arrowsmith, Colin
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - With tourism emerging as the largest global industry, a number of researchers are raising concerns over visitor safety. While Western countries (European, North American, Australia) issue travel alerts that warn tourists of possible acts of terrorism, statistically tourists are much more likely to be victimized by everyday criminal activity. Research on tourist crime victimization has consistently shown a significant positive correlation between the increased presence of tourists and the amount of reported crime. There are three major theoretical explanations for this relationship: Psychographic (or tourist personality); change in Routine Activities (or tourist behaviours); and, Hot Spot (or tourist environments). Hot Spot research has been studied at various geographical levels: specific sites, street, block, neighbourhood and city level. This research explores city level design and its relationship to crime. Tourist settings are designed to manage the movement of large numbers of strangers in an easy and efficient manner. This design, however, includes characteristics that have been found to increase neighbourhood crime in local communities. These characteristics can be classified under Prospect, Refuge and Escape. Prospect describes environmental opportunities for criminals to view and assess the potential of a situation for successful completion of criminal behaviour. Refuge refers to the characteristics of the crime scene that allows the criminal to hide the actual commission of the crime. The third factor, Escape, describes the ease with which criminals can blend back into the community once the crime has been committed. In this study a comparative analysis was completed between three tourist towns and three non-tourist control towns. The results found that tourist towns had a higher percentage of arterial roads to all roads (good prospect, quick escape) and that the percentage of streets with public space was four times as high (good prospect, good refuge, good escape). The implication for this is that tourist environments were designed for ready access of strangers and an increased tolerance of strangers in the community by hosts: both predictors of criminal behaviour. Future research should focus on designing out tourist crime victimization by applying Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED).
AB - With tourism emerging as the largest global industry, a number of researchers are raising concerns over visitor safety. While Western countries (European, North American, Australia) issue travel alerts that warn tourists of possible acts of terrorism, statistically tourists are much more likely to be victimized by everyday criminal activity. Research on tourist crime victimization has consistently shown a significant positive correlation between the increased presence of tourists and the amount of reported crime. There are three major theoretical explanations for this relationship: Psychographic (or tourist personality); change in Routine Activities (or tourist behaviours); and, Hot Spot (or tourist environments). Hot Spot research has been studied at various geographical levels: specific sites, street, block, neighbourhood and city level. This research explores city level design and its relationship to crime. Tourist settings are designed to manage the movement of large numbers of strangers in an easy and efficient manner. This design, however, includes characteristics that have been found to increase neighbourhood crime in local communities. These characteristics can be classified under Prospect, Refuge and Escape. Prospect describes environmental opportunities for criminals to view and assess the potential of a situation for successful completion of criminal behaviour. Refuge refers to the characteristics of the crime scene that allows the criminal to hide the actual commission of the crime. The third factor, Escape, describes the ease with which criminals can blend back into the community once the crime has been committed. In this study a comparative analysis was completed between three tourist towns and three non-tourist control towns. The results found that tourist towns had a higher percentage of arterial roads to all roads (good prospect, quick escape) and that the percentage of streets with public space was four times as high (good prospect, good refuge, good escape). The implication for this is that tourist environments were designed for ready access of strangers and an increased tolerance of strangers in the community by hosts: both predictors of criminal behaviour. Future research should focus on designing out tourist crime victimization by applying Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED).
KW - tourist crime victimization
KW - hot spot
KW - prospect
KW - refuge
KW - escape
M3 - Conference contribution
SN - 9788192085005
SP - 36
EP - 45
BT - The Inaugural India International Hotel, Travel Tourism Research Conference: Examing Debating Trends, Challenges Issues: Proceedings
PB - Banarsidas Chandiwala Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology
CY - India
ER -