TY - JOUR
T1 - Calicivirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases
T2 - Evolution, Structure, Protein Dynamics, and Function
AU - SMERTINA, Elena
AU - URAKOVA, Nadya
AU - STRIVE, Tanja
AU - FRESE, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
ES was supported by a University of Canberra Higher Degree by Research Stipend Scholarship and a CSIRO Postgraduate Studentship.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Smertina, Urakova, Strive and Frese.
PY - 2019/6
Y1 - 2019/6
N2 - The Caliciviridae are viruses with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that is packaged into an icosahedral, environmentally stable protein capsid. The family contains five genera (Norovirus, Nebovirus, Sapovirus, Lagovirus, and Vesivirus) that infect vertebrates including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) replicates the genome of RNA viruses and can speed up evolution due to its error-prone nature. Studying calicivirus RdRps in the context of genuine virus replication is often hampered by a lack of suitable model systems. Enteric caliciviruses and RHDV in particular are notoriously difficult to propagate in cell culture; therefore, molecular studies of replication mechanisms are challenging. Nevertheless, research on recombinant proteins has revealed several unexpected characteristics of calicivirus RdRps. For example, the RdRps of RHDV and related lagoviruses possess the ability to expose a hydrophobic motif, to rearrange Golgi membranes, and to copy RNA at unusually high temperatures. This review is focused on the structural dynamics, biochemical properties, kinetics, and putative interaction partners of these RdRps. In addition, we discuss the possible existence of a conserved but as yet undescribed structural element that is shared amongst the RdRps of all caliciviruses.
AB - The Caliciviridae are viruses with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that is packaged into an icosahedral, environmentally stable protein capsid. The family contains five genera (Norovirus, Nebovirus, Sapovirus, Lagovirus, and Vesivirus) that infect vertebrates including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) replicates the genome of RNA viruses and can speed up evolution due to its error-prone nature. Studying calicivirus RdRps in the context of genuine virus replication is often hampered by a lack of suitable model systems. Enteric caliciviruses and RHDV in particular are notoriously difficult to propagate in cell culture; therefore, molecular studies of replication mechanisms are challenging. Nevertheless, research on recombinant proteins has revealed several unexpected characteristics of calicivirus RdRps. For example, the RdRps of RHDV and related lagoviruses possess the ability to expose a hydrophobic motif, to rearrange Golgi membranes, and to copy RNA at unusually high temperatures. This review is focused on the structural dynamics, biochemical properties, kinetics, and putative interaction partners of these RdRps. In addition, we discuss the possible existence of a conserved but as yet undescribed structural element that is shared amongst the RdRps of all caliciviruses.
KW - Caliciviridae
KW - Lagovirus
KW - RHDV
KW - RNA virus
KW - RdRp
KW - motif
KW - polymerase
KW - replication
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069051592&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/calicivirus-rnadependent-rna-polymerases-evolution-structure-protein-dynamics-function
U2 - 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01280
DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01280
M3 - Review article
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 22
JO - Frontiers in Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Microbiology
M1 - 1280
ER -