TY - JOUR
T1 - Cane toad toxicity: An assessment of extracts from early developmental stages and adult tissues using MDCK cell culture
AU - Halliday, Damien
AU - Venables, Daryl
AU - Moore, David
AU - Shanmuganathan, Thayalini
AU - Pallister, Jackie
AU - Hyatt, Alex
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Extracts of the cane toad (Bufo[Chaunus]marinus) adversely affected the growth ofMardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells during culture. In a similar manner to ouabaintreatment, application of toad extracts over a 24 h period resulted in high levels of cyto-toxicity, as indicated by cell detachment, increased membrane permeability and loss of mitochondrial function. Cell viability and growth were unchanged for controls (PBS) and increased with the application of Limnodynastes peronii tadpole and adult frog extracts. We investigated the general cytotoxicity of cane toad developmental stages (e.g. eggs,embryonic hatchlings, tadpoles and post-metamorphic toadlets) as well as selected adult tissues (e.g. skin, gut, liver). Our results showed that pre-metamorphic cane toad aqueous extracts used at 1 mg/ml on MDCK cells generated cytotoxicity levels comparable to ouabain treatment (3mM). After normalisation, extracts from 2–3-month-old toadletsappeared less toxic than pre- and early metamorphic stages. Adult tissues revealed a gradient of cytotoxicity levels ranging from non-toxic brain to highly toxic dorsal skin extracts.
AB - Extracts of the cane toad (Bufo[Chaunus]marinus) adversely affected the growth ofMardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells during culture. In a similar manner to ouabaintreatment, application of toad extracts over a 24 h period resulted in high levels of cyto-toxicity, as indicated by cell detachment, increased membrane permeability and loss of mitochondrial function. Cell viability and growth were unchanged for controls (PBS) and increased with the application of Limnodynastes peronii tadpole and adult frog extracts. We investigated the general cytotoxicity of cane toad developmental stages (e.g. eggs,embryonic hatchlings, tadpoles and post-metamorphic toadlets) as well as selected adult tissues (e.g. skin, gut, liver). Our results showed that pre-metamorphic cane toad aqueous extracts used at 1 mg/ml on MDCK cells generated cytotoxicity levels comparable to ouabain treatment (3mM). After normalisation, extracts from 2–3-month-old toadletsappeared less toxic than pre- and early metamorphic stages. Adult tissues revealed a gradient of cytotoxicity levels ranging from non-toxic brain to highly toxic dorsal skin extracts.
U2 - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.10.012
DO - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.10.012
M3 - Article
SN - 0041-0101
VL - 53
SP - 1
EP - 7
JO - Toxicon
JF - Toxicon
IS - 4
ER -