TY - JOUR
T1 - City planning and population health
T2 - a global challenge
AU - Giles-Corti, Billie
AU - Vernez-Moudon, Anne
AU - Reis, Rodrigo
AU - Turrell, Gavin
AU - Dannenberg, Andrew L.
AU - Badland, Hannah
AU - Foster, Sarah
AU - Lowe, Melanie
AU - Sallis, James F.
AU - Stevenson, Mark
AU - Owen, Neville
N1 - Funding Information:
BG-C, MS, and NO are funded by National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; Australia) Research Fellowships ( numbers 1107672, 1043091, and 1003960 respectively ). HB and ML are supported by the NHMRC (Australia) Centre for Excellence in Healthy Liveable Communities ( number 1061404 ), The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre (supported by NHMRC, ACT Health, NSW Health, the Australian Preventative Health Agency (ANPHA), the Hospitals Contribution Fund of Australia (HCF), and the HSF Research Foundation), and VicHealth. JFS received support from National Institute of Health grant 111378 and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Funding Information:
ML reports grants from the Department of Health and Human Services, Victorian Government, Australia. JFS reports grants from Nike, California Endowment, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases; personal fees from Center for Active Design, San Diego State University, San Diego State University Research Foundation, and Santech; non-financial support from Thai Health Promotion Foundation, International Conference of Behavioral Medicine, Institute of Medicine Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialty Centres (Chennai, India), Haifa University (Israel), University of Texas (Austin, TX, USA), Fogarty International Center of National Institutes of Health, American College of Sports Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nueva Leon (Monterrey, Mexico), National Council of La Raza Health Summit, Aspen Institute, Urban Land Institute Conference, and Conference of Southwest Funders; and personal fees and non-financial support from Sociedade Brasileira de Atividede Fisica e Saude, International Society of Physical Activity and Health, Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Arizona State University, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, RAND Corporation, National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, University of Washington (Seattle, WA, USA), and TKF Foundation. All other authors declare no competing interests.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2016/12/10
Y1 - 2016/12/10
N2 - Significant global health challenges are being confronted in the 21st century, prompting calls to rethink approaches to disease prevention. A key part of the solution is city planning that reduces non-communicable diseases and road trauma while also managing rapid urbanisation. This Series of papers considers the health impacts of city planning through transport mode choices. In this, the first paper, we identify eight integrated regional and local interventions that, when combined, encourage walking, cycling, and public transport use, while reducing private motor vehicle use. These interventions are destination accessibility, equitable distribution of employment across cities, managing demand by reducing the availability and increasing the cost of parking, designing pedestrian-friendly and cycling-friendly movement networks, achieving optimum levels of residential density, reducing distance to public transport, and enhancing the desirability of active travel modes (eg, creating safe attractive neighbourhoods and safe, affordable, and convenient public transport). Together, these interventions will create healthier and more sustainable compact cities that reduce the environmental, social, and behavioural risk factors that affect lifestyle choices, levels of traffic, environmental pollution, noise, and crime. The health sector, including health ministers, must lead in advocating for integrated multisector city planning that prioritises health, sustainability, and liveability outcomes, particularly in rapidly changing low-income and middle-income countries. We recommend establishing a set of indicators to benchmark and monitor progress towards achievement of more compact cities that promote health and reduce health inequities.
AB - Significant global health challenges are being confronted in the 21st century, prompting calls to rethink approaches to disease prevention. A key part of the solution is city planning that reduces non-communicable diseases and road trauma while also managing rapid urbanisation. This Series of papers considers the health impacts of city planning through transport mode choices. In this, the first paper, we identify eight integrated regional and local interventions that, when combined, encourage walking, cycling, and public transport use, while reducing private motor vehicle use. These interventions are destination accessibility, equitable distribution of employment across cities, managing demand by reducing the availability and increasing the cost of parking, designing pedestrian-friendly and cycling-friendly movement networks, achieving optimum levels of residential density, reducing distance to public transport, and enhancing the desirability of active travel modes (eg, creating safe attractive neighbourhoods and safe, affordable, and convenient public transport). Together, these interventions will create healthier and more sustainable compact cities that reduce the environmental, social, and behavioural risk factors that affect lifestyle choices, levels of traffic, environmental pollution, noise, and crime. The health sector, including health ministers, must lead in advocating for integrated multisector city planning that prioritises health, sustainability, and liveability outcomes, particularly in rapidly changing low-income and middle-income countries. We recommend establishing a set of indicators to benchmark and monitor progress towards achievement of more compact cities that promote health and reduce health inequities.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84996504043&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30066-6
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30066-6
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27671668
AN - SCOPUS:84996504043
SN - 0140-6736
VL - 388
SP - 2912
EP - 2924
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
IS - 10062
ER -