Co-design in the context of universal design: An Australian case study exploring the role of people with disabilities in the design of public buildings

Universal design aims to maximise usability for all, and to achieve this participation of people with disabilities in design processes is essential. However, it is unknown how universal design and co-design, as a means of participatory design, can be applied to the architectural design of public buildings. This study aimed to explore stakeholder perceptions and experiences on this topic. As a qualitative study, three workshops were held with 26 people with disabilities, advocates, and design professionals. A phenomenological approach to data analysis was employed. Four major themes emerged: there are challenges to practicing co-design; co-design is inclusive, accessible, and genuine; co-design is planned and embedded in all design stages; and co-design delivers positive outcomes. Findings strongly support participation of people with disabilities in architectural design, highlight challenges and limitations to current practice, and provide insight into factors that optimise outcomes and the experiences of those involved.