TY - JOUR
T1 - Core temperature responses to cold-water immersion recovery
T2 - A pooled-data analysis
AU - Stephens, Jessica M.
AU - Sharpe, Ken
AU - Gore, Christopher
AU - Miller, Joanna
AU - Slater, Gary J.
AU - Versey, Nathan
AU - Peiffer, Jeremiah
AU - Duffield, Rob
AU - Minett, Geoffrey M.
AU - Crampton, David
AU - Dunne, Alan
AU - Askew, Christopher D.
AU - Halson, Shona L.
PY - 2018/8
Y1 - 2018/8
N2 - Purpose: To examine the effect of postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) protocols, compared with control (CON), on the magnitude and time course of core temperature (Tc) responses. Methods: Pooled-data analyses were used to examine the Tc responses of 157 subjects from previous postexercise CWI trials in the authors’ laboratories. CWI protocols varied with different combinations of temperature, duration, immersion depth, and mode (continuous vs intermittent). Tc was examined as a double difference (ΔΔTc), calculated as the change in Tc in CWI condition minus the corresponding change in CON. The effect of CWI on ΔΔTc was assessed using separate linear mixed models across 2 time components (component 1, immersion; component 2, postintervention). Results: Intermittent CWI resulted in a mean decrease in ΔΔTc that was 0.25°C (0.10°C) (estimate [SE]) greater than continuous CWI during the immersion component (P = .02). There was a significant effect of CWI temperature during the immersion component (P = .05), where reductions in water temperature of 1°C resulted in decreases in ΔΔTc of 0.03°C (0.01°C). Similarly, the effect of CWI duration was significant during the immersion component (P = .01), where every 1 min of immersion resulted in a decrease in ΔΔTc of 0.02°C (0.01°C). The peak difference in Tc between the CWI and CON interventions during the postimmersion component occurred at 60 min postintervention. Conclusions: Variations in CWI mode, duration, and temperature may have a significant effect on the extent of change in Tc. Careful consideration should be given to determine the optimal amount of core cooling before deciding which combination of protocol factors to prescribe.
AB - Purpose: To examine the effect of postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) protocols, compared with control (CON), on the magnitude and time course of core temperature (Tc) responses. Methods: Pooled-data analyses were used to examine the Tc responses of 157 subjects from previous postexercise CWI trials in the authors’ laboratories. CWI protocols varied with different combinations of temperature, duration, immersion depth, and mode (continuous vs intermittent). Tc was examined as a double difference (ΔΔTc), calculated as the change in Tc in CWI condition minus the corresponding change in CON. The effect of CWI on ΔΔTc was assessed using separate linear mixed models across 2 time components (component 1, immersion; component 2, postintervention). Results: Intermittent CWI resulted in a mean decrease in ΔΔTc that was 0.25°C (0.10°C) (estimate [SE]) greater than continuous CWI during the immersion component (P = .02). There was a significant effect of CWI temperature during the immersion component (P = .05), where reductions in water temperature of 1°C resulted in decreases in ΔΔTc of 0.03°C (0.01°C). Similarly, the effect of CWI duration was significant during the immersion component (P = .01), where every 1 min of immersion resulted in a decrease in ΔΔTc of 0.02°C (0.01°C). The peak difference in Tc between the CWI and CON interventions during the postimmersion component occurred at 60 min postintervention. Conclusions: Variations in CWI mode, duration, and temperature may have a significant effect on the extent of change in Tc. Careful consideration should be given to determine the optimal amount of core cooling before deciding which combination of protocol factors to prescribe.
KW - Exercise
KW - Hydrotherapy
KW - Ice bath
KW - Performance
KW - Protocol variance
KW - Myalgia/prevention & control
KW - Water
KW - Cold Temperature
KW - Humans
KW - Body Temperature Regulation
KW - Exercise/physiology
KW - Male
KW - Immersion
KW - Young Adult
KW - Time Factors
KW - Adult
KW - Muscle Fatigue/physiology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85052385053&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/core-temperature-responses-coldwater-immersion-recovery-pooleddata-analysis
U2 - 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0661
DO - 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0661
M3 - Article
C2 - 29283744
AN - SCOPUS:85052385053
SN - 1555-0265
VL - 13
SP - 917
EP - 925
JO - International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
JF - International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
IS - 7
ER -