@inproceedings{569eebdd85434ab7b94f895a5003b6e0,
title = "Enhanced waters 2D muscle model for facial expression generation",
abstract = "In this paper we present an improved Waters facial model used as an avatar for work published in (Kumar and Vanualailai, 2016), which described a Facial Animation System driven by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) in a low-bandwidth video streaming setting. FACS defines 32 single Action Units (AUs) which are generated by an underlying muscle action that interact in different ways to create facial expressions. Because FACS AU describes atomic facial distortions using facial muscles, a face model that can allow AU mappings to be applied directly on the respective muscles is desirable. Hence for this task we choose the Waters anatomy-based face model due to its simplicity and implementation of pseudo muscles. However Waters face model is limited in its ability to create realistic expressions mainly the lack of a function to represent sheet muscles, unrealistic jaw rotation function and improper implementation of sphincter muscles. Therefore in this work we provide enhancements to the Waters facial model by improving its UI, adding sheet muscles, providing an alternative implementation to the jaw rotation function, presenting a new sphincter muscle model that can be used around the eyes and changes to operation of the sphincter muscle used around the mouth.",
keywords = "Facial Animation, Facial Expression, FACS, Muscle Model, Physics-based Model",
author = "Dinesh Kumar and Dharmendra Sharma",
note = "Funding Information: This work is supported by project NEMESIS (TIN-2008-05941) of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci{\'o}n, and project TIC-6083 of Junta de Andaluc{\'i}a. Funding Information: Acknowledgements. This work is supported by project NEMESIS (TIN-2008-05941) of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci{\'o}n, and project TIC-6083 of Junta de Andalu{\'c}ıa. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved; 14th International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications, GRAPP 2019 - Part of the 14th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications, VISIGRAPP 2019 ; Conference date: 25-02-2019 Through 27-02-2019",
year = "2019",
doi = "10.5220/0007379302620269",
language = "English",
isbn = "9789897583544",
volume = "1",
series = "VISIGRAPP 2019 - Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications",
publisher = "Scitepress",
pages = "262--269",
editor = "Andreas Kerren and Christophe Hurter and Jose Braz",
booktitle = "VISIGRAPP 2019 - Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications",
}