Experiences of Urinary Incontinence in Women Who Are Post-Menopausal: A Systematic Review

To synthesise the qualitative knowledge of urinary incontinence in post-menopausal women to better understand the experiences and impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life. Urinary incontinence can be an unpleasant and stressful experience as many women assume it is a part of the natural ageing process. The experiences of urinary incontinence can impact many women in different ways as some are reluctant to discuss or report the incidences with health professionals. There were 85 studies identified in the review, and 61 were screened for eligibility. Only four were included in the review. Common themes were identified in the studies that included psychological, physical, informational/education, social, practical needs, intimacy and sexual aspects. The psychological and physical aspects were noted in all the included studies. Many of the studies identified the difficulties post-menopausal women endure in managing episodes of urinary incontinence, as many expressed shame and embarrassment when urinary incontinence occurred. The physical aspects included concerns about maintaining good hygiene and managing irritation on their skin from constant washing. The physical aspect also included exhaustion and tiredness from managing urinary incontinence episodes. Many women in the studies expressed a desire to have ongoing education about managing urinary incontinence and the need to discuss the topic more openly. The social impact of urinary incontinence was also captured in the review, as many women expressed the desire to be social with family and friends but felt reluctant due to the fear of urinary incontinence occurring in front of other people. The practical burden of managing urinary incontinence was illustrated in this review, as some women faced many challenges in managing soiled clothing, constant washing of clothing and the skin and the need to visit the bathroom regularly. The intimacy and sexual components of their lives have been disrupted by episodes of urinary incontinence and replaced with excuses for intimate activities. Post-menopausal women living with urinary incontinence experience a range of different burdens across many different areas in trying to manage their condition. Healthcare professionals need to acknowledge that post-menopausal women are reluctant to seek treatment due to shame and feelings that urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging. To ensure quality of life for post-menopausal women living with urinary incontinence, healthcare professionals need to tailor treatment strategies to provide better care.