TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional role of movement and performance variability
T2 - Adaptation of front crawl swimmers to competitive swimming constraints
AU - Simbaña-Escobar, David
AU - Hellard, Philippe
AU - Pyne, David B
AU - Seifert, Ludovic
N1 - Funding Information:
This project received the support of the Fédération Française de Natation (FFN) and the CPER/FEDER, GRR “Logistic, Mobility and Numeric” RISC 1880-FEDER 33172. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank the Fédération Internationale de Natation Amateur (FINA), the French Swimming Federation (FFN), ACTRIS, Djamel Benarab for his fine work (ISEN de Brest), and all those who contributed. This project also received the support of the CPER/FEDER, GRR “Logistic, Mobility and Numeric” RISC 1880-FEDER 33172.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Human Kinetics, Inc.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/2/1
Y1 - 2018/2/1
N2 - To study the variability in stroking parameters between and within laps and individuals during competitions, we compared and modeled the changes of speed, stroke rate, and stroke length in 32 top-level male and female swimmers over 4 laps (L1-L4) in 200-m freestyle events using video-derived 2-dimensional direct linear transformation. For the whole group, speed was greater in L1, with significant decreases across L2, L3, and L4 (1.80 ± 0.10 vs 1.73 ± 0.08; 1.69 ± 0.09; 1.66 ± 0.09 · s-1, P < .05). This variability was attributed to a decrease in stroke length (L2: 2.43 ± 0.19 vs L4: 2.20 ± 0.13 m, P < .05) and an increase in stroke rate (L2: 42.8 ± 2.6 vs L4: 45.4 ± 2.3 stroke · min-1, P < .05). The coefficient of variation and the biological coefficient of variation in speed were greater for male versus female (3.9 ± 0.7 vs 3.1 ± 0.7; 2.9 ± 1.0 vs 2.6 ± 0.7, P < .05) and higher in L1 versus L2 (3.9 ± 1.3 vs 3.1 ± 0.1; 2.9 ± 0.9 vs 2.3 ± 0.7, P < .05). Intra-lap speed values were best represented by a cubic (n = 38), then linear (n = 37) and quadratic model (n = 8). The cubic fit was more frequent for males (43.8%) than females (15.6%), suggesting greater capacity to generate higher acceleration after the turn. The various stroking parameters managements within lap suggest that each swimmer adapts his/her behavior to the race constraints.
AB - To study the variability in stroking parameters between and within laps and individuals during competitions, we compared and modeled the changes of speed, stroke rate, and stroke length in 32 top-level male and female swimmers over 4 laps (L1-L4) in 200-m freestyle events using video-derived 2-dimensional direct linear transformation. For the whole group, speed was greater in L1, with significant decreases across L2, L3, and L4 (1.80 ± 0.10 vs 1.73 ± 0.08; 1.69 ± 0.09; 1.66 ± 0.09 · s-1, P < .05). This variability was attributed to a decrease in stroke length (L2: 2.43 ± 0.19 vs L4: 2.20 ± 0.13 m, P < .05) and an increase in stroke rate (L2: 42.8 ± 2.6 vs L4: 45.4 ± 2.3 stroke · min-1, P < .05). The coefficient of variation and the biological coefficient of variation in speed were greater for male versus female (3.9 ± 0.7 vs 3.1 ± 0.7; 2.9 ± 1.0 vs 2.6 ± 0.7, P < .05) and higher in L1 versus L2 (3.9 ± 1.3 vs 3.1 ± 0.1; 2.9 ± 0.9 vs 2.3 ± 0.7, P < .05). Intra-lap speed values were best represented by a cubic (n = 38), then linear (n = 37) and quadratic model (n = 8). The cubic fit was more frequent for males (43.8%) than females (15.6%), suggesting greater capacity to generate higher acceleration after the turn. The various stroking parameters managements within lap suggest that each swimmer adapts his/her behavior to the race constraints.
KW - 200-m freestyle
KW - Kinematics
KW - Race analysis
KW - Stroking parameters
KW - Techniques
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042653354&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/functional-role-movement-performance-variability-adaptation-front-crawl-swimmers-competitive-swimmin
U2 - 10.1123/jab.2017-0022
DO - 10.1123/jab.2017-0022
M3 - Article
C2 - 28952848
SN - 1065-8483
VL - 34
SP - 53
EP - 64
JO - Journal of Applied Biomechanics
JF - Journal of Applied Biomechanics
IS - 1
ER -