@article{8d1a9bfc687e46f887fd2e5520ff2d07,
title = "GEMAS: Geochemical distribution of Mg in agricultural soil of Europe",
abstract = "Agricultural soil (Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) samples were collected from 33 European countries as part of the GEMAS (GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural and grazing land Soil) soil-mapping project. The Mg data derived from total concentrations (XRF) and two acid digestion methods, aqua regia (AR) and Mobile Metal Ion (MMI{\textregistered}), were used to provide an overview of its spatial distribution in soil at the continental-scale. Magnesium is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust and essential nutrient for plants and animals and its presence in soil is, therefore, important for soil quality evaluation. In this study, the geochemical behaviour of Mg in European agricultural soil was investigated in relation to a variety of soil parent materials, climatic zones, and landscapes. The chemical composition of soil reflects mostly the primary mineralogy of the source bedrock, and the superimposed effects of pre- and post-depositional chemical weathering, controlled by element mobility and formation of secondary phases such as clays. Low Mg concentrations in agricultural soil occur in regions with quartz-rich glacial sediments (Poland, Baltic States, N. Germany), and in soil developed on quartz-rich sandstone parent materials (e.g., central Sweden). High Mg concentrations occur in soil developed over mafic lithologies such as ophiolite belts and in carbonate-rich regions, including karst areas. The maximum extent of the last glaciation is well defined by a Mg concentration break, which is marked by low Mg concentrations in Fennoscandia and north-central Europe, and high Mg concentrations in Mediterranean region. Lithology of parent materials seems to play a key role in the Mg nutritional status of agricultural soil at the European scale. Influence from agricultural practice and use of fertilisers appears to be subordinate. Comparison of the continental-scale spatial distribution of Mg in agricultural soil by using the results from three analytical methods (XRF, AR and MMI{\textregistered}) provides complementary information about Mg mobility and its residence time in soil. Thus, allowing evaluation of soil weathering grade and impact of land use exploitation.",
keywords = "Mineralogy, Parent materials, Partial extraction, Total concentration, Weathering",
author = "\{The GEMAS Project Team\} and Philippe N{\'e}grel and Anna Ladenberger and Clemens Reimann and Manfred Birke and Alecos Demetriades and Martiya Sadeghi and S. Albanese and M. Andersson and R. Baritz and Batista, \{M. J.\} and A. Bel-lan and D. Cicchella and \{De Vivo\}, B. and \{De Vos\}, W. and E. Dinelli and M. {\v D}uri{\v s} and A. Dusza-Dobek and M. Eklund and V. Ernstsen and P. Filzmoser and B. Flem and Flight, \{D. M.A.\} and S. Forrester and M. Fuchs and U. F{\"u}gedi and A. Gilucis and M. Gosar and V. Gregorauskiene and \{De Groot\}, W. and A. Gulan and J. Halami{\'c} and E. Haslinger and P. Hayoz and R. Hoffmann and J. Hoogewerff and H. Hrvatovic and S. Husnjak and L. Janik and G. Jordan and M. Kaminari and J. Kivisilla and V. Klos and F. Krone and P. Kwe{\'c}ko and L. Kuti and A. Lima and J. Locutura and Lucivjansky, \{D. P.\} and A. Mann and D. Mackovych and J. Matschullat and M. McLaughlin and Malyuk, \{B. I.\} and R. Maquil and Meuli, \{R. G.\} and G. Mol and P. O'Connor and Oorts, \{R. K.\} and Ottesen, \{R. T.\} and A. Pasieczna and W. Petersell and S. Pfleiderer and M. Po{\v n}avi{\v c} and S. Pramuka and C. Prazeres and U. Rauch and S. Radusinovi{\'c} and I. Salpeteur and R. Scanlon and A. Schedl and Scheib, \{A. J.\} and I. Schoeters and P. {\v S}ef{\v c}ik and E. Sellersj{\"o} and F. Skopljak and I. Slaninka and A. {\v S}or{\v s}a and R. Srvkota and T. Stafilov and T. Tarvainen and V. Trendavilov and P. Valera and V. Verougstraete and D. Vidojevi{\'c} and A. Zissimos and Z. Zomeni",
note = "Funding Information: The GEMAS project is a cooperative project of the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group with a number of outside organisations (e.g. Alterra, The Netherlands; Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute; Research Group Swiss Soil Monitoring Network, Swiss Research Station Agroscope Reckenholz-T{\"a}nikon, several Ministries of the Environment and University Departments of Geosciences, Chemistry and Mathematics in a number of European countries and New Zealand; ARCHE Consulting in Belgium; CSIRO Land and Water in Adelaide, Australia). The analytical work was co-financed by the following industry organisations: Eurometaux, European Borates Association, European Copper Institute, European Precious Metals Federation, International Antimony Association, International Lead Association-Europe, International Manganese Institute, International Molybdenum Association, International Tin Research Institute, International Zinc Association, The Cobalt Development Institute, The Nickel Institute, The (REACH) Selenium and Tellurium Consortium and The (REACH) Vanadium Consortium. The Directors of the European Geological Surveys, and the additional participating organisations, are thanked for making sampling of almost all of Europe in a tight time schedule possible. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resourced (BGR), the Geological Survey of Norway and SGS (Canada) are thanked for special analytical input to the project. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2021",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106706",
language = "English",
volume = "221",
pages = "1--44",
journal = "Journal of Geochemical Exploration",
issn = "0375-6742",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}
SDG 15 Life on Land