TY - JOUR
T1 - Influences of the antidepressant fluoxetine on stream ecosystem function and aquatic insect emergence at environmentally realistic concentrations
AU - Richmond, Erinn K.
AU - Rosi, Emma J.
AU - Reisinger, Alexander J.
AU - Hanrahan, Brittany R.
AU - Thompson, Ross M.
AU - Grace, Michael R.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is frequently detected in surface waters globally, yet the effects of SSRIs on ecological processes at environmentally realistic concentrations are not currently known. We used a controlled, replicated artificial stream experiment to expose biofilm, algal and stream insect communities to two different concentrations of fluoxetine: 20 ng/L (typical concentration detected in surface waters) and 20 µg/L (concentration shown to influence insect emergence and algal productivity). We quantified a range of community and ecosystem response metrics over the course of the 21d experiment including; algal biomass (chl-a), net ecosystem production (NEP), gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER) and invertebrate emergence. At 20 ng/L, fluoxetine significantly suppressed algal colonization on rocks, and reduced GPP after 13 days, but by day 21 chl-a, NEP and GPP did not differ between treatments and control. Fluoxetine increased ER on leaves where invertebrates were excluded, but had no effect on leaves accessible to invertebrates. Streams receiving 20 ng/L of fluoxetine had adult insects from the order Diptera emerge sooner and at a greater rate than control streams. Our results suggest that ecosystem function, including primary production and respiration, and invertebrate population dynamics are sensitive to SSRIs and that fluoxetine may alter these key processes concentrations found in the environment.
AB - Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is frequently detected in surface waters globally, yet the effects of SSRIs on ecological processes at environmentally realistic concentrations are not currently known. We used a controlled, replicated artificial stream experiment to expose biofilm, algal and stream insect communities to two different concentrations of fluoxetine: 20 ng/L (typical concentration detected in surface waters) and 20 µg/L (concentration shown to influence insect emergence and algal productivity). We quantified a range of community and ecosystem response metrics over the course of the 21d experiment including; algal biomass (chl-a), net ecosystem production (NEP), gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER) and invertebrate emergence. At 20 ng/L, fluoxetine significantly suppressed algal colonization on rocks, and reduced GPP after 13 days, but by day 21 chl-a, NEP and GPP did not differ between treatments and control. Fluoxetine increased ER on leaves where invertebrates were excluded, but had no effect on leaves accessible to invertebrates. Streams receiving 20 ng/L of fluoxetine had adult insects from the order Diptera emerge sooner and at a greater rate than control streams. Our results suggest that ecosystem function, including primary production and respiration, and invertebrate population dynamics are sensitive to SSRIs and that fluoxetine may alter these key processes concentrations found in the environment.
KW - Ecological effects
KW - fluoxetine
KW - insect emergence
KW - ecological disruption
KW - emerging contaminant
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075725893&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/influences-antidepressant-fluoxetine-stream-ecosystem-function-aquatic-insect-emergence-environmenta
U2 - 10.1080/02705060.2019.1629546
DO - 10.1080/02705060.2019.1629546
M3 - Article
SN - 0270-5060
VL - 34
SP - 513
EP - 531
JO - Journal of Freshwater Ecology
JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology
IS - 1
ER -