@article{a5ffaf0ceeb84bfbb0ff2e8d2e86892a,
title = "Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera",
abstract = "Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee Apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through pollination. Compared with other sequenced insect genomes, the A. mellifera genome has high A+T and CpG contents, lacks major transposon families, evolves more slowly, and is more similar to vertebrates for circadian rhythm, RNA interference and DNA methylation genes, among others. Furthermore, A. mellifera has fewer genes for innate immunity, detoxification enzymes, cuticle-forming proteins and gustatory receptors, more genes for odorant receptors, and novel genes for nectar and pollen utilization, consistent with its ecology and social organization. Compared to Drosophila, genes in early developmental pathways differ in Apis, whereas similarities exist for functions that differ markedly, such as sex determination, brain function and behaviour. Population genetics suggests a novel African origin for the species A. mellifera and insights into whether Africanized bees spread throughout the New World via hybridization or displacement.",
author = "{The Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium} and Weinstock, {George M.} and Robinson, {Gene E.} and Gibbs, {Richard A.} and Worley, {Kim C.} and Evans, {Jay D.} and Ryszard Maleszka and Robertson, {Hugh M.} and Weaver, {Daniel B.} and Martin Beye and Peer Bork and Elsik, {Christine G.} and Klaus Hartfelder and Hunt, {Greg J.} and Zdobnov, {Evgeny M.} and Amdam, {Gro V.} and Bitondi, {Mrcia M.G.} and Collins, {Anita M.} and Cristino, {Alexandre S.} and Lattorff, {H. Michael G.} and Lobo, {Carlos H.} and Moritz, {Robin F.A.} and Nunes, {Francis M.F.} and Page, {Robert E.} and Sim{\~o}es, {Zil{\'a} L.P.} and Diana Wheeler and Piero Carninci and Shiro Fukuda and Yoshihide Hayashizaki and Chikatoshi Kai and Jun Kawai and Naoko Sakazume and Daisuke Sasaki and Michihira Tagami and Stefan Albert and Geert Baggerman and Beggs, {Kyle T.} and Guy Bloch and Giuseppe Cazzamali and Mira Cohen and Drapeau, {Mark David} and Dorothea Eisenhardt and Christine Emore and Ewing, {Michael A.} and Fahrbach, {Susan E.} and Sylvain For{\^e}t and Grimmelikhuijzen, {Cornelis J.P.} and Frank Hauser and Hummon, {Amanda B.} and Jurgen Huybrechts and Jones, {Andrew K.} and Tatsuhiko Kadowaki and Noam Kaplan and Robert Kucharski and Grard Leboulle and Michal Linial and Littleton, {J. Troy} and Mercer, {Alison R.} and Richmond, {Timothy A.} and Rodriguez-Zas, {Sandra L.} and Rubin, {Elad B.} and Sattelle, {David B.} and David Schlipalius and Liliane Schoofs and Yair Shemesh and Sweedler, {Jonathan V.} and Rodrigo Velarde and Peter Verleyen and Evy Vierstraete and Williamson, {Michael R.} and Ament, {Seth A.} and Brown, {Susan J.} and Miguel Corona and Dearden, {Peter K.} and Dunn, {W. Augustine} and Elekonich, {Michelle M.} and Tomoko Fujiyuki and Irene Gattermeier and Tanja Gempe and Martin Hasselmann and Eriko Kage and Azusa Kamikouchi and Takeo Kubo and Takekazu Kunieda and Marc{\'e} Lorenzen and Milshina, {Natalia V.} and Mizue Morioka and Kazuaki Ohashi and Ross Overbeek and Ross, {Christian A.} and Morten Schioett and Teresa Shippy and Hideaki Takeuchi and Toth, {Amy L.} and Willis, {Judith H.} and Wilson, {Megan J.} and Gordon, {Karl H.J.} and Ivica Letunic and Kevin Hackett and Jane Peterson and Adam Felsenfeld and Mark Guyer and Michel Solignac and Richa Agarwala and Cornuet, {Jean Marie} and Monique Monnerot and Florence Mougel and Reese, {Justin T.} and Dominique Vautrin and Gillespie, {Joseph J.} and Cannone, {Jamie J.} and Gutell, {Robin R.} and Johnston, {J. Spencer} and Eisen, {Michael B.} and Iyer, {Venky N.} and Vivek Iyer and Peter Kosarev and Mackey, {Aaron J.} and Victor Solovyev and Alexandre Souvorov and Aronstein, {Katherine A.} and Katarina Bilikova and Chen, {Yan Ping} and Clark, {Andrew G.} and Decanini, {Laura I.} and Gelbart, {William M.} and Charles Hetru and Dan Hultmark and Imler, {Jean Luc} and Haobo Jiang and Michael Kanost and Kiyoshi Kimura and Lazzaro, {Brian P.} and Lopez, {Dawn L.} and Jozef Simuth and Thompson, {Graham J.} and Zhen Zou and {De Jong}, Pieter and Erica Sodergren and Mikl{\'o}s Csur{\"o}s and Aleksandar Milosavljevic and Kazutoyo Osoegawa and Stephen Richards and Shu, {Chung Li} and Laurent Duret and Eran Elhaik and Dan Graur and Anzola, {Juan M.} and Campbell, {Kathryn S.} and Childs, {Kevin L.} and Derek Collinge and Crosby, {Madeline A.} and Dickens, {C. Michael} and Grametes, {L. Sian} and Grozinger, {Christina M.} and Jones, {Peter L.} and Mireia Jorda and Xu Ling and Matthews, {Beverly B.} and Jonathan Miller and Craig Mizzen and Peinado, {Miguel A.} and Reid, {Jeffrey G.} and Russo, {Susan M.} and Schroeder, {Andrew J.} and {St. Pierre}, {Susan E.} and Ying Wang and Pinglei Zhou and Huaiyang Jiang and Paul Kitts and Barbara Ruef and Anand Venkatraman and Lan Zhang and Gildardo Aquino-Perez and Whitfield, {Charles W.} and Behura, {Susanta K.} and Berlocher, {Stewart H.} and Sheppard, {Walter S.} and Smith, {Deborah R.} and Suarez, {Andrew V.} and Tsutsui, {Neil D.} and Xuehong Wei and David Wheeler and Paul Havlak and Bingshan Li and Yue Liu and Angela Jovilet and Sandra Lee and Nazareth, {Lynne V.} and Pu, {Ling Ling} and Rachel Thorn and Viktor Stolc and Thomas Newman and Manoj Samanta and Tongprasit, {Waraporn A.} and Charles Claudianos and Berenbaum, {May R.} and Sunita Biswas and {De Graaf}, {Dirk C.} and Rene Feyereisen and Johnson, {Reed M.} and Oakeshott, {John G.} and Hilary Ranson and Schuler, {Mary A.} and Donna Muzny and Joseph Chacko and Clay Davis and Huyen Dinh and Rachel Gill and Judith Hernandez and Sandra Hines and Jennifer Hume and Jackson, {La Ronda} and Christie Kovar and Lora Lewis and George Miner and Margaret Morgan and Ngoc Nguyen and Geoffrey Okwuonu and Heidi Paul and Jireh Santibanez and Glenford Savery and Amanda Svatek and Donna Villasana and Rita Wright",
year = "2006",
month = oct,
day = "26",
doi = "10.1038/nature05260",
language = "English",
volume = "443",
pages = "931--949",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "7114",
}