TY - JOUR
T1 - Is higher serum cholesterol associated with altered tendon structure or tendon pain? A systematic review
AU - Tilley, D
AU - Cook, Jill
AU - Docking, Sean
AU - GAIDA, Jamie
N1 - Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
PY - 2015/12
Y1 - 2015/12
N2 - Background Tendon pain occurs in individuals with extreme cholesterol levels (familial hypercholesterolaemia). It is unclear whether the association with tendon pain is strong with less extreme elevations of cholesterol. Objective To determine whether lipid levels are associated with abnormal tendon structure or the presence of tendon pain. Methods We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis. Relevant articles were found through an electronic search of 6 medical databases-MEDLINE, Cochrane, AMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. We included all case-control or cross-sectional studies with data describing (1) lipid levels or use of lipidlowering drugs and (2) tendon structure or tendon pain. Results 17 studies (2612 participants) were eligible for inclusion in the review. People with altered tendon structure or tendon pain had significantly higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; with mean difference values of 0.66, 1.00, 0.33, and -0.19 mmol/L, respectively. Conclusions The results of this review indicate that a relationship exists between an individual's lipid profile and tendon health. However, further longitudinal studies are required to determine whether a cause and effect relationship exists between tendon structure and lipid levels. This could lead to advancement in the understanding of the pathoaetiology and thus treatment of tendinopathy.
AB - Background Tendon pain occurs in individuals with extreme cholesterol levels (familial hypercholesterolaemia). It is unclear whether the association with tendon pain is strong with less extreme elevations of cholesterol. Objective To determine whether lipid levels are associated with abnormal tendon structure or the presence of tendon pain. Methods We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis. Relevant articles were found through an electronic search of 6 medical databases-MEDLINE, Cochrane, AMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. We included all case-control or cross-sectional studies with data describing (1) lipid levels or use of lipidlowering drugs and (2) tendon structure or tendon pain. Results 17 studies (2612 participants) were eligible for inclusion in the review. People with altered tendon structure or tendon pain had significantly higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; with mean difference values of 0.66, 1.00, 0.33, and -0.19 mmol/L, respectively. Conclusions The results of this review indicate that a relationship exists between an individual's lipid profile and tendon health. However, further longitudinal studies are required to determine whether a cause and effect relationship exists between tendon structure and lipid levels. This could lead to advancement in the understanding of the pathoaetiology and thus treatment of tendinopathy.
KW - Cholesterol/metabolism
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Lipid Metabolism/physiology
KW - Male
KW - Musculoskeletal Pain/blood
KW - Pain Measurement
KW - Sex Characteristics
KW - Tendinopathy/blood
KW - Tendon Injuries/blood
KW - Tendons/pathology
KW - Triglycerides/metabolism
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84946807292&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/higher-serum-cholesterol-associated-altered-tendon-structure-tendon-pain-systematic-review
U2 - 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095100
DO - 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095100
M3 - Article
C2 - 26474596
SN - 0306-3674
VL - 49
SP - 1504
EP - 1509
JO - British Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - British Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 23
ER -