Issues in the Measurement of Physiological and Anthropometric Factors

Sport science testing is a visible element in many contemporary, high-level sporting programmes. The pace of technological advancements and innovation in sport science has greatly expanded the reach of sport science testing. The information obtained is used to determine whether minor and/or major modifications are needed in the athlete or team’s programme to meet both short- and long-term goals. Testing and assessment of athletes can take different forms, depending on the level of competition and the chronological and training age of the athlete. Fitness testing works well in talent identification programmes, junior and club-level competition, and some senior-level sports, and traditionally spans the different phases of the season, competitive calendar, or annual plan, from the pre-season through to the main competition. Anthropometric measurements of height, body mass, and particularly body fat present a particular challenge to the athlete, coach, and scientist. Society places great importance on appearance, and both female and male athletes can be affected by body image concerns.