TY - JOUR
T1 - Low-glycemic index diets as an intervention for diabetes
T2 - A systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Zafar, Mohammad Ishraq
AU - Mills, Kerry E.
AU - Zheng, Juan
AU - Regmi, Anita
AU - Hu, Sheng Qing
AU - Gou, Luoning
AU - Chen, Lu Lu
N1 - Copyright © American Society for Nutrition 2019.
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - Background: Low-glycemic index (GI) diets are thought to reduce postprandial glycemia, resulting in more stable blood glucose concentrations. Objecitve: We hypothesized that low-GI diets would be superior to other diet types in lowering measures of blood glucose control in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and clinical trials registries for published and unpublished studies up until 1 March, 2019. We included 54 randomized controlled trials in adults or children with impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, or type 2 diabetes. Continuous data were synthesized using a random effects, inverse variance model, and presented as standardized mean differences with 95% CIs. Results: Low-GI diets were effective at reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose, BMI, total cholesterol, and LDL, but had no effect on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL, triglycerides, or insulin requirements. The reduction in fasting glucose and HbA1c was inversely correlated with body weight. The greatest reduction in fasting blood glucose was seen in the studies of the longest duration. Conclusions: Low-GI diets may be useful for glycemic control and may reduce body weight in people with prediabetes or diabetes.
AB - Background: Low-glycemic index (GI) diets are thought to reduce postprandial glycemia, resulting in more stable blood glucose concentrations. Objecitve: We hypothesized that low-GI diets would be superior to other diet types in lowering measures of blood glucose control in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and clinical trials registries for published and unpublished studies up until 1 March, 2019. We included 54 randomized controlled trials in adults or children with impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, or type 2 diabetes. Continuous data were synthesized using a random effects, inverse variance model, and presented as standardized mean differences with 95% CIs. Results: Low-GI diets were effective at reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose, BMI, total cholesterol, and LDL, but had no effect on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL, triglycerides, or insulin requirements. The reduction in fasting glucose and HbA1c was inversely correlated with body weight. The greatest reduction in fasting blood glucose was seen in the studies of the longest duration. Conclusions: Low-GI diets may be useful for glycemic control and may reduce body weight in people with prediabetes or diabetes.
KW - blood glucose
KW - blood lipids
KW - BMI
KW - body fat
KW - diabetes
KW - glycemic index
KW - HbA1c
KW - low-GI diets
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85072747404&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/lowglycemic-index-diets-intervention-diabetes-systematic-review-metaanalysis
U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqz149
DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqz149
M3 - Article
C2 - 31374573
AN - SCOPUS:85072747404
SN - 0002-9165
VL - 110
SP - 891
EP - 902
JO - The American journal of clinical nutrition
JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition
IS - 4
ER -