@article{96807080c0794bd8b5e06fe1c4d2e810,
title = "Metabolic engineering of bread wheat improves grain iron concentration and bioavailability",
abstract = "Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is cultivated on more land than any other crop and produces a fifth of the calories consumed by humans. Wheat endosperm is rich in starch yet contains low concentrations of dietary iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Biofortification is a micronutrient intervention aimed at increasing the density and bioavailability of essential vitamins and minerals in staple crops; Fe biofortification of wheat has proved challenging. In this study we employed constitutive expression (CE) of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) gene in bread wheat to up-regulate biosynthesis of two low molecular weight metal chelators - nicotianamine (NA) and 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) - that play key roles in metal transport and nutrition. The CE-OsNAS2 plants accumulated higher concentrations of grain Fe, Zn, NA and DMA and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) revealed enhanced localization of Fe and Zn in endosperm and crease tissues, respectively. Iron bioavailability was increased in white flour milled from field-grown CE-OsNAS2 grain and positively correlated with NA and DMA concentrations.",
keywords = "2′-deoxymugineic acid, Caco-2, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, Zinc, biofortification, nicotianamine",
author = "Beasley, \{Jesse T.\} and Bonneau, \{Julien P.\} and S{\'a}nchez-Palacios, \{Jose T.\} and Moreno-Moyano, \{Laura T.\} and Callahan, \{Damien L.\} and Elad Tako and Glahn, \{Raymond P.\} and Enzo Lombi and Johnson, \{Alexander A. T.\}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by grants from the HarvestPlus Challenge program to A.A.T.J. We thank Bettina Berger at The Plant Accelerator (Adelaide, Australia), Chris Ryan at the Australian Synchrotron (Victoria, Australia) and Adrian Cox, Leigh Smith, Shahajahan Miyan and Ed Barrett-Lennard at the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Western Australia (Western Australia, Australia) for excellent technical assistance related to the phenotyping, XFM and field trial components of our research. We also thank Lorraine Carruthers, Margie Pallotta, Jan Nield, Mary Bodis, Yongpei Chang and Shree Giri for invaluable help provided throughout the project. Analysis of NA and DMA was carried out at Metabolomics Australia (School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia), an NCRIS initiative under Bioplatforms Australia Pty Ltd. Funding Information: This work was supported by grants from the HarvestPlus Challenge program to A.A.T.J. We thank Bettina Berger at The Plant Accelerator (Adelaide, Australia), Chris Ryan at the Australian Synchrotron (Victoria, Australia) and Adrian Cox, Leigh Smith, Shahajahan Miyan and Ed Barrett-Lennard at the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Western Australia (Western Australia, Australia) for excellent technical assistance related to the phenotyping, XFM and field trial components of our research. We also thank Lorraine Carruthers, Margie Pallotta, Jan Nield, Mary Bodis, Yongpei Chang and Shree Giri for invaluable help provided throughout the project.?Analysis of NA and DMA was carried out at Metabolomics Australia (School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia), an NCRIS initiative under Bioplatforms Australia Pty Ltd. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.",
year = "2019",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1111/pbi.13074",
language = "English",
volume = "17",
pages = "1514--1526",
journal = "Plant Biotechnology Journal",
issn = "1467-7644",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "8",
}