TY - JOUR
T1 - Multiple karyotype differences between populations of the Hoplias malabaricus (Teleostei; Characiformes), a species complex in the gray area of the speciation process
AU - Souza, Fernando H.S.
AU - Perez, Manolo F.
AU - Ferreira, Pedro H.N.
AU - Bertollo, Luiz A.C.
AU - Ezaz, Tariq
AU - Charlesworth, Deborah
AU - Cioffi, Marcelo B.
N1 - Funding Information:
MBC was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico (CNPq) (Proc. no 302449/2018-3) and Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00E3o Paulo (FAPESP) (Proc. 2023/00955-2). FHSS was supported by Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00E3o Paulo (FAPESP) (Proc. 2019/25009-7). MFP was supported by Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00E3o Paulo (FAPESP) (Proc. 2017/10240-0). TE was partially supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP200101406 led by Erik Wapstra, Tariq Ezaz, Cristopher Burridge and Oleg Simakov. This study was financed in part by the Coordena\u00E7\u00E3o de Aperfei\u00E7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00EDvel Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001. This study was supported by INCT - Peixes, funded by MCTIC/CNPq (proc. 405706/2022-7). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. We thank Dr. Simon Martin (University of Edinburgh) for advice and assistance with analyses of population structure and introgression.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Genetics Society 2024.
PY - 2024/7
Y1 - 2024/7
N2 - Neotropical fishes exhibit remarkable karyotype diversity, whose evolution is poorly understood. Here, we studied genetic differences in 60 individuals, from 11 localities of one species, the wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus, from populations that include six different “karyomorphs”. These differ in Y-X chromosome differentiation, and, in several cases, by fusions with autosomes that have resulted in multiple sex chromosomes. Other differences are also observed in diploid chromosome numbers and morphologies. In an attempt to start understanding how this diversity was generated, we analyzed within- and between-population differences in a genome-wide sequence data set. We detect clear genotype differences between karyomorphs. Even in sympatry, samples with different karyomorphs differ more in sequence than samples from allopatric populations of the same karyomorph, suggesting that they represent populations that are to some degree reproductively isolated. However, sequence divergence between populations with different karyomorphs is remarkably low, suggesting that chromosome rearrangements may have evolved during a brief evolutionary time. We suggest that the karyotypic differences probably evolved in allopatry, in small populations that would have allowed rapid fixation of rearrangements, and that they became sympatric after their differentiation. Further studies are needed to test whether the karyotype differences contribute to reproductive isolation detected between some H. malabaricus karyomorphs.
AB - Neotropical fishes exhibit remarkable karyotype diversity, whose evolution is poorly understood. Here, we studied genetic differences in 60 individuals, from 11 localities of one species, the wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus, from populations that include six different “karyomorphs”. These differ in Y-X chromosome differentiation, and, in several cases, by fusions with autosomes that have resulted in multiple sex chromosomes. Other differences are also observed in diploid chromosome numbers and morphologies. In an attempt to start understanding how this diversity was generated, we analyzed within- and between-population differences in a genome-wide sequence data set. We detect clear genotype differences between karyomorphs. Even in sympatry, samples with different karyomorphs differ more in sequence than samples from allopatric populations of the same karyomorph, suggesting that they represent populations that are to some degree reproductively isolated. However, sequence divergence between populations with different karyomorphs is remarkably low, suggesting that chromosome rearrangements may have evolved during a brief evolutionary time. We suggest that the karyotypic differences probably evolved in allopatry, in small populations that would have allowed rapid fixation of rearrangements, and that they became sympatric after their differentiation. Further studies are needed to test whether the karyotype differences contribute to reproductive isolation detected between some H. malabaricus karyomorphs.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85199299885&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41437-024-00707-z
DO - 10.1038/s41437-024-00707-z
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85199299885
SN - 0018-067X
VL - 133
SP - 216
EP - 226
JO - Heredity
JF - Heredity
IS - 4
ER -