Peptic Ulcers Clinical Disease Management

A peptic ulcer is an open sore that develops in the gastrointestinal mucosa. They
range in size from several millimetres to centimetres. Depending on the location,
there are three types of peptic ulcers: gastric ulcers (develop in the stomach), duodenal ulcers (develop in the first few centimetres of the proximal duodenum) and oesophageal ulcers. Peptic ulcers differ from gastrointestinal erosions, as they are deeper and extend below the level of the muscularis mucosa.
The two leading causes of peptic ulcer are Helicobacter pylori infection and
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although common, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment are key. If left untreated, peptic ulcers can
lead to severe complications, such as perforation and bleeding, and may become life-threatening. Pharmacists should be able to: recognise the signs, symptoms and modifiable risk factors (e.g. medicines) of peptic ulcers; promote eradication treatment adherence; and refer patients when appropriate.