Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials that investigated the use of probiotic, prebiotic, and fermented food interventions for cognitive performance. In total, 22 studies (n = 1551) were included that investigated probiotics (11 studies, n = 724), prebiotics (5 studies, n = 355), and fermented foods (6 studies, n = 472). Despite several individual studies (14 of 22) reporting significant improvements in specific cognitive domains, results of the pooled meta-analysis found no significant effect for any intervention for global cognition (Probiotics: g = 0.115, 95 %CI -0.041, 0.270, p = 0.148; Prebiotics: g = 0.077, 95 %CI -0.091, 0.246, p = 0.369; Fermented food: g = 0.164 95 %CI -0.017, 0.345, p = 0.076) or any individual cognitive domain. Most studies (16 of 22) had low risk of bias. These results do not support the use of probiotic, prebiotic, and fermented food interventions for cognitive outcomes. This may be due to the limited number of small and short-term studies as well clinical heterogeneity relating to the population, cognitive tests, and intervention. Therefore, further trials that investigate these interventions in clinical populations using adequately powered samples are warranted. PROSPERO: CRD42019137936.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 472-484 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews |
| Volume | 118 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Nov 2020 |
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 118, 11.2020, p. 472-484.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Prebiotics, probiotics, fermented foods and cognitive outcomes
T2 - A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
AU - Marx, Wolfgang
AU - Scholey, Andrew
AU - Firth, Joseph
AU - D'Cunha, Nathan M
AU - Lane, Melissa
AU - Hockey, Meghan
AU - Ashton, Melanie M
AU - Cryan, John F
AU - O'Neil, Adrienne
AU - Naumovski, Nenad
AU - Berk, Michael
AU - Dean, Olivia M
AU - Jacka, Felice
N1 - Funding Information: WM is supported by Deakin University postdoctoral fellowship. MH is supported by an Australian Rotary Health and Deakin University postgraduate scholarship. NMD is supported by a Dementia Australia Research Foundation PhD scholarship. AS has received research funding from: Abbott Nutrition, Australian Research Council, Arla Foods, Australian Wine Research Institute, Bayer, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Cognis, Cyvex, DuPont, European Commission Framework 5 Research and Innovation initiative, Fonterra, GlaxoSmithKline, Ginsana, Kemin Foods, Martek, Masterfoods, National Health and Medical Research Council, Naturex, Nestl?, Neurobrands, Nutricia-Danone, Red Bull, Sanofi, Verdure Sciences, Wrigley Science Institute and received speaker fees/honoraria from Bayer, Blackmores, Danone, GlaxoSmithKline, Naturex, Nestl?, Novartis, Pfizer, Red Bull, Sanofi, Sen-Jam Pharmaceuticals, Swisse, Unilever, Wrigley. MB is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (1059660 and APP1156072). MMA has received grant/research support from Deakin University, Australasian Society for Bipolar Depressive Disorders, Lundbeck, Australian Rotary Health, Ian Parker Bipolar Research Fund and Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health and PDG Geoff and Betty Betts Award from Rotary Club of Geelong. JF is currently supported by a University of Manchester Presidential Fellowship (P123958) and a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship (MR/T021780/1) and has received support from a NICM-Blackmores Institute Fellowship. AO is supported by a Future Leader Fellowship (#101160) from the Heart Foundation, Australia. ML is funded by a Deakin University PhD Scholarship. FNJ has received Grant/Research support from the Brain and Behaviour Research Institute, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Rotary Health, the Geelong Medical Research Foundation, the Ian Potter Foundation, Eli Lilly, Meat and Livestock Australia, Woolworths Limited, Fernwood Gyms, The Wilson Foundation, GMHBA and The University of Melbourne and has received speakers honoraria from Sanofi-Synthelabo, Janssen Cilag, Servier, Pfizer, Health Ed, Network Nutrition, Angelini Farmaceutica, Eli Lilly and Metagenics. She is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (2) (#1108125). Felice Jacka has written two books for commercial publication and has a personal belief that good diet quality is important for mental and brain health. NN and NMD have received research support from the Capitol Chilled Foods Australia, and the University of Canberra. Funding Information: WM is supported by Deakin University postdoctoral fellowship. MH is supported by an Australian Rotary Health and Deakin University postgraduate scholarship . NMD is supported by a Dementia Australia Research Foundation PhD scholarship. AS has received research funding from: Abbott Nutrition , Australian Research Council , Arla Foods , Australian Wine Research Institute , Bayer, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council , Cognis , Cyvex , DuPont , European Commission Framework 5 Research and Innovation initiative , Fonterra , GlaxoSmithKline , Ginsana , Kemin Foods , Martek , Masterfoods , National Health and Medical Research Council , Naturex , Nestlé , Neurobrands , Nutricia-Danone , Red Bull , Sanofi , Verdure Sciences , Wrigley Science Institute and received speaker fees/honoraria from Bayer, Blackmores, Danone, GlaxoSmithKline, Naturex, Nestlé, Novartis, Pfizer, Red Bull, Sanofi, Sen-Jam Pharmaceuticals, Swisse, Unilever, Wrigley. MB is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship ( 1059660 and APP1156072 ). MMA has received grant/research support from Deakin University, Australasian Society for Bipolar Depressive Disorders, Lundbeck , Australian Rotary Health, Ian Parker Bipolar Research Fund and Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health and PDG Geoff and Betty Betts Award from Rotary Club of Geelong. JF is currently supported by a University of Manchester Presidential Fellowship ( P123958 ) and a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship ( MR/T021780/1 ) and has received support from a NICM-Blackmores Institute Fellowship . AO is supported by a Future Leader Fellowship ( #101160 ) from the Heart Foundation, Australia . ML is funded by a Deakin University PhD Scholarship. FNJ has received Grant/Research support from the Brain and Behaviour Research Institute, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Rotary Health, the Geelong Medical Research Foundation , the Ian Potter Foundation , Eli Lilly, Meat and Livestock Australia , Woolworths Limited , Fernwood Gyms , The Wilson Foundation , GMHBA and The University of Melbourne and has received speakers honoraria from Sanofi-Synthelabo, Janssen Cilag, Servier, Pfizer, Health Ed, Network Nutrition, Angelini Farmaceutica, Eli Lilly and Metagenics. She is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (2) (#1108125). Felice Jacka has written two books for commercial publication and has a personal belief that good diet quality is important for mental and brain health. NN and NMD have received research support from the Capitol Chilled Foods Australia, and the University of Canberra. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Funding Information: WM is supported by Deakin University postdoctoral fellowship. MH is supported by an Australian Rotary Health and Deakin University postgraduate scholarship. NMD is supported by a Dementia Australia Research Foundation PhD scholarship. AS has received research funding from: Abbott Nutrition, Australian Research Council, Arla Foods, Australian Wine Research Institute, Bayer, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Cognis, Cyvex, DuPont, European Commission Framework 5 Research and Innovation initiative, Fonterra, GlaxoSmithKline, Ginsana, Kemin Foods, Martek, Masterfoods, National Health and Medical Research Council, Naturex, Nestlé, Neurobrands, Nutricia-Danone, Red Bull, Sanofi, Verdure Sciences, Wrigley Science Institute and received speaker fees/honoraria from Bayer, Blackmores, Danone, GlaxoSmithKline, Naturex, Nestlé, Novartis, Pfizer, Red Bull, Sanofi, Sen-Jam Pharmaceuticals, Swisse, Unilever, Wrigley. MB is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (1059660 and APP1156072). MMA has received grant/research support from Deakin University, Australasian Society for Bipolar Depressive Disorders, Lundbeck, Australian Rotary Health, Ian Parker Bipolar Research Fund and Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health and PDG Geoff and Betty Betts Award from Rotary Club of Geelong. JF is currently supported by a University of Manchester Presidential Fellowship (P123958) and a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship (MR/T021780/1) and has received support from a NICM-Blackmores Institute Fellowship. AO is supported by a Future Leader Fellowship (#101160) from the Heart Foundation, Australia. ML is funded by a Deakin University PhD Scholarship. FNJ has received Grant/Research support from the Brain and Behaviour Research Institute, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Rotary Health, the Geelong Medical Research Foundation, the Ian Potter Foundation, Eli Lilly, Meat and Livestock Australia, Woolworths Limited, Fernwood Gyms, The Wilson Foundation, GMHBA and The University of Melbourne and has received speakers honoraria from Sanofi-Synthelabo, Janssen Cilag, Servier, Pfizer, Health Ed, Network Nutrition, Angelini Farmaceutica, Eli Lilly and Metagenics. She is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (2) (#1108125). Felice Jacka has written two books for commercial publication and has a personal belief that good diet quality is important for mental and brain health. NN and NMD have received research support from the Capitol Chilled Foods Australia, and the University of Canberra. Funding Information: WM is supported by Deakin University postdoctoral fellowship. MH is supported by an Australian Rotary Health and Deakin University postgraduate scholarship . NMD is supported by a Dementia Australia Research Foundation PhD scholarship. AS has received research funding from: Abbott Nutrition , Australian Research Council , Arla Foods , Australian Wine Research Institute , Bayer, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council , Cognis , Cyvex , DuPont , European Commission Framework 5 Research and Innovation initiative , Fonterra , GlaxoSmithKline , Ginsana , Kemin Foods , Martek , Masterfoods , National Health and Medical Research Council , Naturex , Nestlé , Neurobrands , Nutricia-Danone , Red Bull , Sanofi , Verdure Sciences , Wrigley Science Institute and received speaker fees/honoraria from Bayer, Blackmores, Danone, GlaxoSmithKline, Naturex, Nestlé, Novartis, Pfizer, Red Bull, Sanofi, Sen-Jam Pharmaceuticals, Swisse, Unilever, Wrigley. MB is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship ( 1059660 and APP1156072 ). MMA has received grant/research support from Deakin University, Australasian Society for Bipolar Depressive Disorders, Lundbeck , Australian Rotary Health, Ian Parker Bipolar Research Fund and Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health and PDG Geoff and Betty Betts Award from Rotary Club of Geelong. JF is currently supported by a University of Manchester Presidential Fellowship ( P123958 ) and a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship ( MR/T021780/1 ) and has received support from a NICM-Blackmores Institute Fellowship . AO is supported by a Future Leader Fellowship ( #101160 ) from the Heart Foundation, Australia . ML is funded by a Deakin University PhD Scholarship. FNJ has received Grant/Research support from the Brain and Behaviour Research Institute, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Rotary Health, the Geelong Medical Research Foundation , the Ian Potter Foundation , Eli Lilly, Meat and Livestock Australia , Woolworths Limited , Fernwood Gyms , The Wilson Foundation , GMHBA and The University of Melbourne and has received speakers honoraria from Sanofi-Synthelabo, Janssen Cilag, Servier, Pfizer, Health Ed, Network Nutrition, Angelini Farmaceutica, Eli Lilly and Metagenics. She is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (2) (#1108125). Felice Jacka has written two books for commercial publication and has a personal belief that good diet quality is important for mental and brain health. NN and NMD have received research support from the Capitol Chilled Foods Australia, and the University of Canberra. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/11
Y1 - 2020/11
N2 - This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials that investigated the use of probiotic, prebiotic, and fermented food interventions for cognitive performance. In total, 22 studies (n = 1551) were included that investigated probiotics (11 studies, n = 724), prebiotics (5 studies, n = 355), and fermented foods (6 studies, n = 472). Despite several individual studies (14 of 22) reporting significant improvements in specific cognitive domains, results of the pooled meta-analysis found no significant effect for any intervention for global cognition (Probiotics: g = 0.115, 95 %CI -0.041, 0.270, p = 0.148; Prebiotics: g = 0.077, 95 %CI -0.091, 0.246, p = 0.369; Fermented food: g = 0.164 95 %CI -0.017, 0.345, p = 0.076) or any individual cognitive domain. Most studies (16 of 22) had low risk of bias. These results do not support the use of probiotic, prebiotic, and fermented food interventions for cognitive outcomes. This may be due to the limited number of small and short-term studies as well clinical heterogeneity relating to the population, cognitive tests, and intervention. Therefore, further trials that investigate these interventions in clinical populations using adequately powered samples are warranted. PROSPERO: CRD42019137936.
AB - This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials that investigated the use of probiotic, prebiotic, and fermented food interventions for cognitive performance. In total, 22 studies (n = 1551) were included that investigated probiotics (11 studies, n = 724), prebiotics (5 studies, n = 355), and fermented foods (6 studies, n = 472). Despite several individual studies (14 of 22) reporting significant improvements in specific cognitive domains, results of the pooled meta-analysis found no significant effect for any intervention for global cognition (Probiotics: g = 0.115, 95 %CI -0.041, 0.270, p = 0.148; Prebiotics: g = 0.077, 95 %CI -0.091, 0.246, p = 0.369; Fermented food: g = 0.164 95 %CI -0.017, 0.345, p = 0.076) or any individual cognitive domain. Most studies (16 of 22) had low risk of bias. These results do not support the use of probiotic, prebiotic, and fermented food interventions for cognitive outcomes. This may be due to the limited number of small and short-term studies as well clinical heterogeneity relating to the population, cognitive tests, and intervention. Therefore, further trials that investigate these interventions in clinical populations using adequately powered samples are warranted. PROSPERO: CRD42019137936.
KW - Cognition
KW - Fermented foods
KW - Meta-analysis
KW - Prebiotic
KW - Probiotic
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090022218&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2efd4a6e-a3d9-3f3a-9573-3db2e546b119/
U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.036
DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.036
M3 - Article
C2 - 32860802
SN - 0149-7634
VL - 118
SP - 472
EP - 484
JO - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
ER -