TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of impaired physiological function consistent with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)
T2 - An Australian elite and pre-elite cohort
AU - Rogers, Margot Anne
AU - Appaneal, Renee Newcomer
AU - Hughes, David
AU - Vlahovich, Nicole
AU - Waddington, Gordon
AU - Burke, Louise M.
AU - Drew, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding This work was supported by the Australian Institute of Sport High Performance Research Fund (Immune Health Multiple Sports, 2017) and the University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (internal grant).
Publisher Copyright:
©
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/1/1
Y1 - 2021/1/1
N2 - Objectives: Athlete health, training continuity and performance can be impeded as a result of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Here we report the point prevalence of symptoms described by the RED-S model in a mixed-sport cohort of Australian female athletes. Methods: Elite and pre-elite female athletes (n=112) from eight sports completed validated questionnaires and underwent clinical assessment to assess the point prevalence of RED-S symptoms. Questionnaires included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Centerfor Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), SCOFF questionnaire for disordered eating, Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), and a custom questionnaire on injury and illness. Clinical assessment comprised resting metabolic rate (RMR) assessment, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition and bone mineral density, venous and capillary blood samples,and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 7.0.2). Descriptive prevalence statistics are presented. Results: Almost all (80%) participants (age 19 (range 15-32) years; mass 69.5±10.3 kg; body fat 23.1%±5.0%) demonstrated at least one symptom consistent with RED-S, with 37% exhibiting between two and three symptoms. One participant demonstrated five symptoms. Impaired function of the immunological (28%, n=27), haematological (31%, n=33) and gastrointestinal (47%, n=51) systems were most prevalent. A moderate to high (11%-55%) prevalence of risk of low energyavailability was identified via RMR and LEAF-Q, and identified mental illnesses were prevalent in one-third of the assessed cohort. Conclusion: Symptoms described by the RED-S model were prevalent in this cohort, supporting the need for improved awareness, monitoring and management of these symptoms in this population.
AB - Objectives: Athlete health, training continuity and performance can be impeded as a result of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Here we report the point prevalence of symptoms described by the RED-S model in a mixed-sport cohort of Australian female athletes. Methods: Elite and pre-elite female athletes (n=112) from eight sports completed validated questionnaires and underwent clinical assessment to assess the point prevalence of RED-S symptoms. Questionnaires included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Centerfor Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), SCOFF questionnaire for disordered eating, Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), and a custom questionnaire on injury and illness. Clinical assessment comprised resting metabolic rate (RMR) assessment, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition and bone mineral density, venous and capillary blood samples,and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 7.0.2). Descriptive prevalence statistics are presented. Results: Almost all (80%) participants (age 19 (range 15-32) years; mass 69.5±10.3 kg; body fat 23.1%±5.0%) demonstrated at least one symptom consistent with RED-S, with 37% exhibiting between two and three symptoms. One participant demonstrated five symptoms. Impaired function of the immunological (28%, n=27), haematological (31%, n=33) and gastrointestinal (47%, n=51) systems were most prevalent. A moderate to high (11%-55%) prevalence of risk of low energyavailability was identified via RMR and LEAF-Q, and identified mental illnesses were prevalent in one-third of the assessed cohort. Conclusion: Symptoms described by the RED-S model were prevalent in this cohort, supporting the need for improved awareness, monitoring and management of these symptoms in this population.
KW - athlete
KW - female
KW - health
KW - relative energy deficiency
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85096436931&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/35a074eb-9109-3c3d-873e-c07e49fee981/
U2 - 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101517
DO - 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101517
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85096436931
SN - 0306-3674
VL - 55
SP - 38
EP - 45
JO - British Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - British Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 1
M1 - 101517
ER -