TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantifying the effect of early retirement on the wealth of individuals with depression or other mental illness
AU - Schofield, Deborah
AU - Shrestha, Rupendra
AU - Percival, Richard
AU - Kelly, Simon
AU - Passey, Megan
AU - Callander, Emily
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Background
In addition to the health burden caused by mental illnesses, these conditions contribute to economic disadvantage because of their impact on labour force participation.
Aims
To quantify the cost of lost savings and wealth to Australians aged 45–64 who retire from the labour force early because of depression or other mental illness.
Method
Cross-sectional analysis of the base population of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model.
Results
People who are not part of the labour force because of depression or other mental illness have 78% (95% CI 92.2–37.1) and 93% (95% CI 98.4–70.5) less wealth accumulated respectively, compared with people of the same age, gender and education who are in the labour force with no chronic health condition. People who are out of the labour force as a result of depression or other mental illness are also more likely to have the wealth that they do have in cash assets, rather than higher-growth assets such as superannuation, home equity and other financial investments.
Conclusions
This lower accumulated wealth is likely to result in lower living standards for these individuals in the future. This will compound the impact of their condition on their health and quality of life, and put a large financial burden on the state as a result of the need to provide financial assistance for these individuals.
The large direct medical costs of mental illness are generally attributed to the condition’s high prevalence rates.1, 2 Mental illness prevalence rates of one in four people are not uncommon in many countries.2, 3 For individuals with depression and other mental illness, in addition to the impact on health and quality of life these conditions contribute to economic disadvantage because of the impact on labour force participation.
The labour force participation rate for people with a mental illness is acknowledged to generally be poor.4 A recent study estimated that 51% of Australians aged 45–64 with a mental illness and 53% of those with depression are not part of the workforce, significantly more than the 17% of 45–64 year olds with no chronic health conditions who are not part of the labour force.5 The impact of this low rate of labour force participation is reflected in the incomes of those with a mental illness; they have 37% lower average weekly incomes than people without a chronic illness (details available from the author on request). This reduction in labour force participation and income can have a lifetime impact.
Early retirement may leave a large number of mentally ill people with reduced savings or accumulated wealth to finance their retirement years. The impact of the loss of savings is particularly significant for those aged 45–64, as this is the age bracket where most lifetime savings and wealth accumulation occurs.6 This wealth is generally required to finance retirement, and as life expectancy increases, this wealth will have to support longer periods in retirement.7– 9
Although there have been studies that link mental illness with reduced incomes,1, 2, 10 there is little published research assessing the impact of early retirement owing to mental illness on wealth or savings. Indeed, there has been little research on the link between early retirement due to any illness and lost savings and wealth, with just a handful of studies examining the relationship between general health status and wealth.11, 12 This study uses the recently developed Health&WealthMOD – an up-to-date microsimulation model of health, employment, income, and wealth – to quantify the cost of lost savings and wealth on people aged 45–64 who retire from the labour force early because of mental illness.
AB - Background
In addition to the health burden caused by mental illnesses, these conditions contribute to economic disadvantage because of their impact on labour force participation.
Aims
To quantify the cost of lost savings and wealth to Australians aged 45–64 who retire from the labour force early because of depression or other mental illness.
Method
Cross-sectional analysis of the base population of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model.
Results
People who are not part of the labour force because of depression or other mental illness have 78% (95% CI 92.2–37.1) and 93% (95% CI 98.4–70.5) less wealth accumulated respectively, compared with people of the same age, gender and education who are in the labour force with no chronic health condition. People who are out of the labour force as a result of depression or other mental illness are also more likely to have the wealth that they do have in cash assets, rather than higher-growth assets such as superannuation, home equity and other financial investments.
Conclusions
This lower accumulated wealth is likely to result in lower living standards for these individuals in the future. This will compound the impact of their condition on their health and quality of life, and put a large financial burden on the state as a result of the need to provide financial assistance for these individuals.
The large direct medical costs of mental illness are generally attributed to the condition’s high prevalence rates.1, 2 Mental illness prevalence rates of one in four people are not uncommon in many countries.2, 3 For individuals with depression and other mental illness, in addition to the impact on health and quality of life these conditions contribute to economic disadvantage because of the impact on labour force participation.
The labour force participation rate for people with a mental illness is acknowledged to generally be poor.4 A recent study estimated that 51% of Australians aged 45–64 with a mental illness and 53% of those with depression are not part of the workforce, significantly more than the 17% of 45–64 year olds with no chronic health conditions who are not part of the labour force.5 The impact of this low rate of labour force participation is reflected in the incomes of those with a mental illness; they have 37% lower average weekly incomes than people without a chronic illness (details available from the author on request). This reduction in labour force participation and income can have a lifetime impact.
Early retirement may leave a large number of mentally ill people with reduced savings or accumulated wealth to finance their retirement years. The impact of the loss of savings is particularly significant for those aged 45–64, as this is the age bracket where most lifetime savings and wealth accumulation occurs.6 This wealth is generally required to finance retirement, and as life expectancy increases, this wealth will have to support longer periods in retirement.7– 9
Although there have been studies that link mental illness with reduced incomes,1, 2, 10 there is little published research assessing the impact of early retirement owing to mental illness on wealth or savings. Indeed, there has been little research on the link between early retirement due to any illness and lost savings and wealth, with just a handful of studies examining the relationship between general health status and wealth.11, 12 This study uses the recently developed Health&WealthMOD – an up-to-date microsimulation model of health, employment, income, and wealth – to quantify the cost of lost savings and wealth on people aged 45–64 who retire from the labour force early because of mental illness.
U2 - 10.1192/BJP.BP.110.081679
DO - 10.1192/BJP.BP.110.081679
M3 - Article
SN - 0007-1250
VL - 198
SP - 123
EP - 128
JO - British Journal of Psychiatry
JF - British Journal of Psychiatry
IS - 2
ER -