TY - JOUR
T1 - Reproducibility of diurnal variation in sub-maximal swimming
AU - Martin, L.
AU - Thompson, K.
PY - 2000/8/23
Y1 - 2000/8/23
N2 - Swimming training is characterised by the use of early morning and eventing training sessions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if the physiological and kinematic responses to swimming a typical training set are affected by time of day. Seven male collegiate swimmers (age 22 ± 4 years; height 1.8 ± 0.1 m; mass 82.1 ± 4.1 kg) completed a standardised 600 m warm up followed by a 10 x 100 m sub-maximal freestyle set twice a day (06:30-08:00h and 16:30-20:00h) on three separate days. Swimming speed was controlled precisely throughout (limits of agreement multiplied or divided by 1.00) using a new pacing device (Aquapacer, Challenge and Response, Inverurie, Scotland). Oral temperature (T0), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide expired (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), capillary blood lactate (Bla), and glucose (BGL) were measured at rest and post exercise. Stroke rate (SR) and HR were measured during the first nine 100 m repetitions while rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured immediately after each 100 m. Significant diurnal variation was found at rest in T0, HR, and VO2 on all three days and for VE and VCO2 on two of the days (P < 0.05). During the training set no diurnal variation was evident in HR and SR responses or repetition times although RPE values were higher in morning trials compared to evening trials on two of the three days (P < 0.05). Post-exercise significant diurnal variation was found for T0 and blood glucose for two of the three days (P < 0.05). Therefore, although diurnal variation is evident at rest, there is no subsequent effect on physiological and kinematic responses during a sub-maximal training set following a standardised warm-up.
AB - Swimming training is characterised by the use of early morning and eventing training sessions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if the physiological and kinematic responses to swimming a typical training set are affected by time of day. Seven male collegiate swimmers (age 22 ± 4 years; height 1.8 ± 0.1 m; mass 82.1 ± 4.1 kg) completed a standardised 600 m warm up followed by a 10 x 100 m sub-maximal freestyle set twice a day (06:30-08:00h and 16:30-20:00h) on three separate days. Swimming speed was controlled precisely throughout (limits of agreement multiplied or divided by 1.00) using a new pacing device (Aquapacer, Challenge and Response, Inverurie, Scotland). Oral temperature (T0), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide expired (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), capillary blood lactate (Bla), and glucose (BGL) were measured at rest and post exercise. Stroke rate (SR) and HR were measured during the first nine 100 m repetitions while rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured immediately after each 100 m. Significant diurnal variation was found at rest in T0, HR, and VO2 on all three days and for VE and VCO2 on two of the days (P < 0.05). During the training set no diurnal variation was evident in HR and SR responses or repetition times although RPE values were higher in morning trials compared to evening trials on two of the three days (P < 0.05). Post-exercise significant diurnal variation was found for T0 and blood glucose for two of the three days (P < 0.05). Therefore, although diurnal variation is evident at rest, there is no subsequent effect on physiological and kinematic responses during a sub-maximal training set following a standardised warm-up.
KW - Controlled pacing
KW - Kinematic
KW - Physiological
KW - Time of day
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033865555&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1055/s-2000-3829
DO - 10.1055/s-2000-3829
M3 - Article
C2 - 10961512
AN - SCOPUS:0033865555
SN - 0172-4622
VL - 21
SP - 387
EP - 392
JO - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - International Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 6
ER -