TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for self-reported diabetes among Bhutanese adults
T2 - A nationally representative survey data analysis
AU - Wangdi, Kinley
AU - Jamtsho, Tshering
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Health, for allowing us to use the data of NHS 2012 for this study. We would also like to thank all the study participants.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Wangdi, Jamtsho. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2018/11
Y1 - 2018/11
N2 - BACKGROUND: Bhutan, a small land-locked country in the eastern Himalayas has been undergoing an epidemiological and nutritional transition in the last two decades. The objective of this paper was to determine the prevalence and explore the risk factors of self-reported diabetes among Bhutanese adults.METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis among adults 18 years and older Bhutanese using the data from the National Health Survey 2012 (NHS, 2012) of Bhutan. The self-reported information on risk factors was obtained using standard protocols of the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance. The outcome of interest was self-reported diabetes on medication. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factor of diabetes.RESULTS: A total of 31,066 participants aged 18 years and older were included for the analysis. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 1.8% (491). Risk factors for diabetes were: age groups: 35-44 years adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.82 (95% CI, 1.07, 7.41), 45-54 years AOR = 6.02 (95% CI, 2.29, 15.83), 55-64 year AOR = 15.7 (95% CI 5.93, 41.55) and >65 years AOR = 19.60 (95% CI, 6.93, 55.71); high school and diploma/certificate education AOR = 2.57, (95% CI 1.62, 4.07) and AOR = 3.92 (95% CI 1.70, 9.07); and urban dwellers AOR = 2.37, (95% 1.58, 3.57); hypertension AOR = 3.3, (95% CI 2.47, 4.41); and fruit servings of 1-3 per week AOR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.15, 2.31).CONCLUSION: The number of Bhutanese adults with diabetes and co-morbidities associated with it is likely to increase with the ageing of the population, nutrition transition, and high rural-urban migration in the near future. This calls for an urgent need to implement strategies to prevent diabetes in the Bhutanese population targeting risk factors including healthy lifestyle with increased physical activities and reduced smoking. At the same time treating other chronic morbidities including hypertension.
AB - BACKGROUND: Bhutan, a small land-locked country in the eastern Himalayas has been undergoing an epidemiological and nutritional transition in the last two decades. The objective of this paper was to determine the prevalence and explore the risk factors of self-reported diabetes among Bhutanese adults.METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis among adults 18 years and older Bhutanese using the data from the National Health Survey 2012 (NHS, 2012) of Bhutan. The self-reported information on risk factors was obtained using standard protocols of the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance. The outcome of interest was self-reported diabetes on medication. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factor of diabetes.RESULTS: A total of 31,066 participants aged 18 years and older were included for the analysis. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 1.8% (491). Risk factors for diabetes were: age groups: 35-44 years adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.82 (95% CI, 1.07, 7.41), 45-54 years AOR = 6.02 (95% CI, 2.29, 15.83), 55-64 year AOR = 15.7 (95% CI 5.93, 41.55) and >65 years AOR = 19.60 (95% CI, 6.93, 55.71); high school and diploma/certificate education AOR = 2.57, (95% CI 1.62, 4.07) and AOR = 3.92 (95% CI 1.70, 9.07); and urban dwellers AOR = 2.37, (95% 1.58, 3.57); hypertension AOR = 3.3, (95% CI 2.47, 4.41); and fruit servings of 1-3 per week AOR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.15, 2.31).CONCLUSION: The number of Bhutanese adults with diabetes and co-morbidities associated with it is likely to increase with the ageing of the population, nutrition transition, and high rural-urban migration in the near future. This calls for an urgent need to implement strategies to prevent diabetes in the Bhutanese population targeting risk factors including healthy lifestyle with increased physical activities and reduced smoking. At the same time treating other chronic morbidities including hypertension.
KW - Adult
KW - Age Factors
KW - Aged
KW - Aging/pathology
KW - Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology
KW - Bhutan/epidemiology
KW - Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis
KW - Exercise
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Hypertension/complications
KW - Logistic Models
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Obesity/complications
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Self Report
KW - Sex Factors
KW - Smoking/epidemiology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056539911&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0206034
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0206034
M3 - Article
C2 - 30439962
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
JO - PLoS One
JF - PLoS One
IS - 11
M1 - e0206034
ER -
