TY - JOUR
T1 - Rotator cuff tear degeneration and cell apoptosis in smokers versus nonsmokers
AU - Lundgreen, Kirsten
AU - Lian, Oystein
AU - Scott, Alexander
AU - Nassab, Paulina
AU - FEARON, Angie
AU - Engebretsen, Lars
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors report the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: A.S. receives support from Heel Corp , University of British Columbia , UpToDate , CIHR, NSERC, MSFHR, WorksafeBC, and AOSSM. A.F. receives support from the Centre for Hip Health and Mobility . L.E. receives support from Sophies Minde grant , Arthrex , Smith & Nephew , Norwegian NIH , Health South East (grant #2013122 ).
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of smoking on supraspinatus tendon degeneration, including cellular alterations, proliferation, and apoptosis of tendon cells.METHODS: Supraspinatus tendon samples of 10 smokers and 15 nonsmokers with full-thickness tears were compared, focusing on the severity of tendon histopathology including apoptosis (programmed cell death), cellularity, and proliferation. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the density of apoptotic cells and proliferation. The extent of tendon degeneration was classified according to a revised version of the Bonar tendon histopathology score.RESULTS: The smokers were younger (P = .01). The symptom duration among smokers was longer (P < .05). The supraspinatus tendons from the smokers presented significantly more advanced degenerative changes (Bonar score, 13.5 [interquartile range, 1.4] v 9 [interquartile range, 3]; P < .001). The smokers' tendons showed increased density of apoptotic cells (0.108 [SE, 0.038] v 0.0107 [SE, 0.007]; P = .024) accompanied by reduced tenocyte density (P = .019) and upregulation of proliferative activity (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with worsened supraspinatus tendon histopathology and increased apoptosis.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pronounced degenerative changes, reduced tendon cellularity, and increased apoptosis may indicate reduced tendon healing capacity in smokers.
AB - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of smoking on supraspinatus tendon degeneration, including cellular alterations, proliferation, and apoptosis of tendon cells.METHODS: Supraspinatus tendon samples of 10 smokers and 15 nonsmokers with full-thickness tears were compared, focusing on the severity of tendon histopathology including apoptosis (programmed cell death), cellularity, and proliferation. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the density of apoptotic cells and proliferation. The extent of tendon degeneration was classified according to a revised version of the Bonar tendon histopathology score.RESULTS: The smokers were younger (P = .01). The symptom duration among smokers was longer (P < .05). The supraspinatus tendons from the smokers presented significantly more advanced degenerative changes (Bonar score, 13.5 [interquartile range, 1.4] v 9 [interquartile range, 3]; P < .001). The smokers' tendons showed increased density of apoptotic cells (0.108 [SE, 0.038] v 0.0107 [SE, 0.007]; P = .024) accompanied by reduced tenocyte density (P = .019) and upregulation of proliferative activity (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with worsened supraspinatus tendon histopathology and increased apoptosis.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pronounced degenerative changes, reduced tendon cellularity, and increased apoptosis may indicate reduced tendon healing capacity in smokers.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Cell Proliferation
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Rotator Cuff Injuries
KW - Rotator Cuff/pathology
KW - Smoking/adverse effects
KW - Wound Healing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84905578055&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/rotator-cuff-tear-degeneration-cell-apoptosis-smokers-versus-nonsmokers
U2 - 10.1016/j.arthro.2014.03.027
DO - 10.1016/j.arthro.2014.03.027
M3 - Article
SN - 1526-3231
VL - 30
SP - 936
EP - 941
JO - Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopy and Related Surgery
JF - Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopy and Related Surgery
IS - 8
ER -