TY - JOUR
T1 - The effects of intensified training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance in trained cyclists
AU - Woods, Amy L.
AU - Rice, Anthony J.
AU - Garvican-Lewis, Laura A.
AU - Wallett, Alice M.
AU - Lundy, Bronwen
AU - Rogers, Margot A.
AU - Welvaert, Marijke
AU - Halson, Shona
AU - McKune, Andrew
AU - Thompson, Kevin G.
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was funded by contributions from the University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, the Australian Institute of Sport and the School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Woods et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2018/2/14
Y1 - 2018/2/14
N2 - Background - Recent research has demonstrated decreases in resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance following a period of intensified training in elite athletes, however the underlying mechanisms of change remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate how an intensified training period, designed to elicit overreaching, affects RMR, body composition, and performance in trained endurance athletes, and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Method - Thirteen (n = 13) trained male cyclists completed a six-week training program consisting of a Baseline week (100% of regular training load), a Build week (∼120% of Baseline load), two Loading weeks (∼140, 150% of Baseline load, respectively) and two Recovery weeks (∼80% of Baseline load). Training comprised of a combination of laboratory based interval sessions and on-road cycling. RMR, body composition, energy intake, appetite, heart rate variability (HRV), cycling performance, biochemical markers and mood responses were assessed at multiple time points throughout the six-week period. Data were analysed using a linear mixed modeling approach. Results - The intensified training period elicited significant decreases in RMR (F(5,123.36) = 12.0947, p = <0.001), body mass (F(2,19.242) = 4.3362, p = 0.03), fat mass (F(2,20.35) = 56.2494, p = <0.001) and HRV (F(2,22.608) = 6.5212, p = 0.005); all of which improved following a period of recovery. A state of overreaching was induced, as identified by a reduction in anaerobic performance (F(5,121.87) = 8.2622, p = <0.001), aerobic performance (F(5,118.26) = 2.766, p = 0.02) and increase in total mood disturbance (F(5, 110.61) = 8.1159, p = <0.001). Conclusion - Intensified training periods elicit greater energy demands in trained cyclists, which, if not sufficiently compensated with increased dietary intake, appears to provoke a cascade of metabolic, hormonal and neural responses in an attempt to restore homeostasis and conserve energy. The proactive monitoring of energy intake, power output, mood state, body mass and HRV during intensified training periods may alleviate fatigue and attenuate the observed decrease in RMR, providing more optimal conditions for a positive training adaptation.
AB - Background - Recent research has demonstrated decreases in resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance following a period of intensified training in elite athletes, however the underlying mechanisms of change remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate how an intensified training period, designed to elicit overreaching, affects RMR, body composition, and performance in trained endurance athletes, and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Method - Thirteen (n = 13) trained male cyclists completed a six-week training program consisting of a Baseline week (100% of regular training load), a Build week (∼120% of Baseline load), two Loading weeks (∼140, 150% of Baseline load, respectively) and two Recovery weeks (∼80% of Baseline load). Training comprised of a combination of laboratory based interval sessions and on-road cycling. RMR, body composition, energy intake, appetite, heart rate variability (HRV), cycling performance, biochemical markers and mood responses were assessed at multiple time points throughout the six-week period. Data were analysed using a linear mixed modeling approach. Results - The intensified training period elicited significant decreases in RMR (F(5,123.36) = 12.0947, p = <0.001), body mass (F(2,19.242) = 4.3362, p = 0.03), fat mass (F(2,20.35) = 56.2494, p = <0.001) and HRV (F(2,22.608) = 6.5212, p = 0.005); all of which improved following a period of recovery. A state of overreaching was induced, as identified by a reduction in anaerobic performance (F(5,121.87) = 8.2622, p = <0.001), aerobic performance (F(5,118.26) = 2.766, p = 0.02) and increase in total mood disturbance (F(5, 110.61) = 8.1159, p = <0.001). Conclusion - Intensified training periods elicit greater energy demands in trained cyclists, which, if not sufficiently compensated with increased dietary intake, appears to provoke a cascade of metabolic, hormonal and neural responses in an attempt to restore homeostasis and conserve energy. The proactive monitoring of energy intake, power output, mood state, body mass and HRV during intensified training periods may alleviate fatigue and attenuate the observed decrease in RMR, providing more optimal conditions for a positive training adaptation.
KW - Material fatigue
KW - Bioenergetics
KW - Human performance
KW - Leptin
KW - heart rate
KW - Sport
KW - Fats
KW - Psychometrics
KW - Appetite
KW - Body Composition
KW - Heart Rate
KW - Humans
KW - Linear Models
KW - Male
KW - Energy Intake
KW - Bicycling
KW - Adult
KW - Basal Metabolism
KW - Australia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042200707&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/effects-intensified-training-resting-metabolic-rate-rmr-body-composition-performance-trained-cyclist
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0191644
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0191644
M3 - Article
C2 - 29444097
AN - SCOPUS:85042200707
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 24
JO - PLoS One
JF - PLoS One
IS - 2
M1 - e0191644
ER -