The Girona declaration on borderline intellectual functioning

With the development of the latest DSM and ICD classifications, borderline intellectual functioning has ceased to be conceptualised as a diagnostic code and is increasingly less a focus of clinical attention. Even though DSM 5 does not provide a specific recommendation for identification of borderline intellectual functioning, unlike the ICD, it advocates an innovative non-Gaussian neurodevelopmental approach to differential diagnosis between mild intellectual disability/intellectual developmental disorder (ID/IDD) and borderline intellectual functioning. The absence of a definition of borderline intellectual functioning therefore begs the question as to how such a differential diagnosis can be made between mild ID/IDD and borderline intellectual functioning in the absence of any specified criteria—an obvious contradiction in terms.