The growth of knowledge commons in synthetic biology: The OpenPlant case

The development of synthetic biology is characterised by two approaches to innovation, based on intellectual property rights and sharing initiatives. This article examines this tension, arguing that some parts of the synthetic biology scientific community are adopting sharing initiatives due to perceived innovation impediments caused by the patent system. Using an empirical approach, the article analyses the OpenPlant case study through the knowledge commons framework. The study identifies significant potential impediments associated with patenting in synthetic biology, as well as relevant benefits and implications that arise from the adoption of a commons model. The analysis sheds light on what drives synthetic biologists to embrace a "knowledge commons" or sharing approach and how this practice can positively impact innovation.