The harder the prep, the harder the recovery: a qualitative exploration of physique athlete perspectives on competition weight loss and restoration

Background: There is growing recognition of Low Energy Availability (LEA) symptoms in physique sports, however there are no clear recovery guidelines. This study explores how athletes perceive and manage recovery from prolonged and intentional LEA. Findings will inform future recovery strategies aimed at restoring energy availability. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 natural physique athletes (11 males, 8 females) from Australia, New Zealand, North America, and Europe, and data were analyzed thematically. Results: Five themes were identified relating to weight management experiences pre- and post-competition: (1) pride, suffering, and rationalizing LEA, (2) navigating energy restoration, (3) body image disruption, (4) evolving autonomy, and (5) opportunities for supporting recovery. Perceived recovery was influenced by the severity of energy restriction, coaching support, and athlete readiness. Athletes voiced that psychological flexibility and physiological literacy were interconnected with successful outcomes. Conclusions: Athletes experience benefit from early recovery planning, applying flexible approaches to nutrition and training post-competition, and a shift from aesthetic to functional goals. Identified themes support treating recovery as a deliberate and individualized phase within the competitive cycle, with further investigation needed on optimizing post-LEA refeeding and coaching practices.