TY - JOUR
T1 - Toxicity of arsenic species to three freshwater organisms and biotransformation of inorganic arsenic by freshwater phytoplankton (Chlorella sp. CE-35)
AU - Rahman, M.
AU - Hogan, Ben
AU - Doyle, Christopher
AU - Krassoi, Rick
AU - Rahman, Mohammad
AU - Naidu, Ravi
AU - Lim, Richard
AU - MAHER, Bill
AU - Hassler, Christel
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by University of Technology Sydney (UTS) through Chancellor׳s Postdoctoral Research fellowships to Dr. M.A. Rahman and Dr. C. Hassler. We acknowledge financial support from the Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Australia (CRC-CARE project 3.1.3.11/12 ). Funding was also provided by the Ecochemistry Laboratory, University of Canberra , Australia. We would like to thank Dr. Anne Colville at UTS for technical support. We also would like to thank Ms. Merrin Adams and Ms. Monique Binet from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia for providing the freshwater phytoplankton, and Ecotox Services Australasia Pty. Ltd. for providing the cladocerans. We would like to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments which improved the quality of the paper.
PY - 2014/8
Y1 - 2014/8
N2 - In the environment, arsenic(As)exists in a number of chemical species, and arsenite(AsIII) and arsenate (AsV) dominate in freshwater systems. Toxicity of As species to aquatic organisms is complicated by their interaction with chemicals in water such as phosphate that can influence the bioavailability and uptake of AsV. In the present study, the toxicities of AsIII, AsV and dimethyl arsinic acid(DMA) to three freshwater organisms representing three phylogenetic groups: a phytoplankton (Chlorella sp. strain CE-35), a floating macrophyte (Lemna disperma) and acladoceran grazer (Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia), were determined using acute and growth inhibition bioassays (EC50) at a range of total phosphate (TP) concentrations in OECD medium. The EC50 values of AsIII, AsV and DMA were 27 + 10,1.15 + 0.04 and 19+3 mgL-1 for
Chlorella sp. CE-35;0.57+0.16,2.3+0.2 and 56 + 15mgL-1 for L. disperma, and 1.58+0.05, 1.72+0.01 and 5.9+0.1mgL-1 for C. cf. dubia, respectively. The results showed that AsIII was more toxic than AsV to L. disperma; however,AsV was more toxic than AsIII to Chlorella sp. CE-35. The toxicities of AsIII and AsV to C. cf. dubia were statistically similar (p>0.05). DMA was less toxic than iAs species to L. disperma and C. cf. dubia, but more toxic than AsIII to Chlorella sp. CE-35. The toxicity of AsV to Chlorella sp. CE-35 and L. disperma decreased with increasing TP concentrations in the growth medium. Phosphate concentrations did not influence the toxicity of AsIII to eitherorganism. Chlorella sp. CE-35 showed the ability to reduce AsV to AsIII, indicating a substantial influence of phytoplankton on As biogeochemistry in freshwater aquatic systems.
AB - In the environment, arsenic(As)exists in a number of chemical species, and arsenite(AsIII) and arsenate (AsV) dominate in freshwater systems. Toxicity of As species to aquatic organisms is complicated by their interaction with chemicals in water such as phosphate that can influence the bioavailability and uptake of AsV. In the present study, the toxicities of AsIII, AsV and dimethyl arsinic acid(DMA) to three freshwater organisms representing three phylogenetic groups: a phytoplankton (Chlorella sp. strain CE-35), a floating macrophyte (Lemna disperma) and acladoceran grazer (Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia), were determined using acute and growth inhibition bioassays (EC50) at a range of total phosphate (TP) concentrations in OECD medium. The EC50 values of AsIII, AsV and DMA were 27 + 10,1.15 + 0.04 and 19+3 mgL-1 for
Chlorella sp. CE-35;0.57+0.16,2.3+0.2 and 56 + 15mgL-1 for L. disperma, and 1.58+0.05, 1.72+0.01 and 5.9+0.1mgL-1 for C. cf. dubia, respectively. The results showed that AsIII was more toxic than AsV to L. disperma; however,AsV was more toxic than AsIII to Chlorella sp. CE-35. The toxicities of AsIII and AsV to C. cf. dubia were statistically similar (p>0.05). DMA was less toxic than iAs species to L. disperma and C. cf. dubia, but more toxic than AsIII to Chlorella sp. CE-35. The toxicity of AsV to Chlorella sp. CE-35 and L. disperma decreased with increasing TP concentrations in the growth medium. Phosphate concentrations did not influence the toxicity of AsIII to eitherorganism. Chlorella sp. CE-35 showed the ability to reduce AsV to AsIII, indicating a substantial influence of phytoplankton on As biogeochemistry in freshwater aquatic systems.
KW - Arsenic species
KW - Toxicity
KW - Biotransformation
KW - Freshwaterorganisms
KW - Chlorella sp.
KW - Freshwater organisms
KW - Chlorella sp
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84900799216&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.004
DO - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.004
M3 - Article
SN - 0147-6513
VL - 106
SP - 126
EP - 135
JO - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
ER -