TY - JOUR
T1 - Transformation of arsenic lipids in decomposing Ecklonia radiata
AU - Glabonjat, Ronald A.
AU - Duncan, Elliott G.
AU - Francesconi, Kevin A.
AU - Maher, William A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of the 2012 undergraduate Ecochemistry students from the University of Canberra who assisted with the collection and preparation of E. radiata samples. The authors thank Sophy Hart, Liz O?Connor and Martin Campbell who assisted with the E. radiata degradation microcosm preparation, experimentation, and sample preparation as part of the 2011 Resource Science Project Unit at the University of Canberra. We also thank the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project number I2412-B21 for financial support, and NAWI-Graz for supporting the Graz Central Lab?Metabolomics.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s).
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - To investigate the release and degradation of arsenolipids present in the marine brown macroalga Ecklonia radiata, tissues were collected in various stages of decomposition from intertidal environments, while tissues were also decomposed in laboratory-based microcosms prepared using combinations of autoclaved and natural (non-autoclaved) seawater and sand. Field collected macroalgae samples contained 20–120 μg g−1 total As of which 1–10% were arsenolipids comprising mainly an arsenic hydrocarbon (AsHC; 3–13% of total arsenolipids) and four di-acyl arsenic phospholipids (AsPLs; 86–95%). Additionally, a mono-acyl AsPL was found in all water-column decomposing samples. Arsenolipid concentrations in live tissues were similar to those in tissues decomposing in the water-column (1.3–2.9 μg g−1 dry mass), which were both up to four times higher than those in decomposing tissues collected from intertidal environments (0.7–1.3 μg g−1 dry mass). In the microcosm experiments, the arsenolipid content of E. radiata decreased substantially as decomposition proceeded. In the majority of microcosms, more than 75% of the arsenolipids present initially disappeared within 5 days with only the AsHC persisting until day 60 (the length of the experiment). This study demonstrates that the habitat in which decomposition occurs influences the release and degradation of arsenolipids with the greatest losses occurring when tissues decompose in intertidal environments. Microbial diversity, biomass, and overall activity are thus likely to play important roles in the persistence of arsenolipids in decomposing algae.
AB - To investigate the release and degradation of arsenolipids present in the marine brown macroalga Ecklonia radiata, tissues were collected in various stages of decomposition from intertidal environments, while tissues were also decomposed in laboratory-based microcosms prepared using combinations of autoclaved and natural (non-autoclaved) seawater and sand. Field collected macroalgae samples contained 20–120 μg g−1 total As of which 1–10% were arsenolipids comprising mainly an arsenic hydrocarbon (AsHC; 3–13% of total arsenolipids) and four di-acyl arsenic phospholipids (AsPLs; 86–95%). Additionally, a mono-acyl AsPL was found in all water-column decomposing samples. Arsenolipid concentrations in live tissues were similar to those in tissues decomposing in the water-column (1.3–2.9 μg g−1 dry mass), which were both up to four times higher than those in decomposing tissues collected from intertidal environments (0.7–1.3 μg g−1 dry mass). In the microcosm experiments, the arsenolipid content of E. radiata decreased substantially as decomposition proceeded. In the majority of microcosms, more than 75% of the arsenolipids present initially disappeared within 5 days with only the AsHC persisting until day 60 (the length of the experiment). This study demonstrates that the habitat in which decomposition occurs influences the release and degradation of arsenolipids with the greatest losses occurring when tissues decompose in intertidal environments. Microbial diversity, biomass, and overall activity are thus likely to play important roles in the persistence of arsenolipids in decomposing algae.
KW - Arsenolipids
KW - Biodegradation
KW - HPLC-ICPMS/ESMS
KW - Macroalgae
KW - Microcosms
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068156864&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/transformation-arsenic-lipids-decomposing-ecklonia-radiata
U2 - 10.1007/s10811-019-01845-2
DO - 10.1007/s10811-019-01845-2
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85068156864
SN - 0921-8971
VL - 31
SP - 3979
EP - 3987
JO - Journal of Applied Phycology
JF - Journal of Applied Phycology
IS - 6
ER -