TY - JOUR
T1 - Within-subject haemoglobin variation in elite athletes
T2 - A longitudinal investigation of 13 887 haemoglobin concentration readings
AU - Lobigs, Louisa M.
AU - Knight, Emma J.
AU - Schumacher, Yorck Olaf
AU - Gore, Christopher J.
N1 - Funding Information:
We wish to thank the AIS Haematology and Biochemistry laboratory for supporting this project. No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this manuscript. The authors have no conflict of interest directly relevant to the content of this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PY - 2016/2/1
Y1 - 2016/2/1
N2 - The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) estimates individualized reference ranges for key blood markers, such as haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), using predetermined population mean, between- and within-subject variances. Here, we aim to reassess previously published estimates for within-subject [Hb] variance and determine whether sex-, analyzer-, sport-, or season-specific values are required. Our reference population contains 7723 male (mean±SD, 22.3±4.6years of age) and 6164 female (21.6±4.3) athlete observations from 49 sports. [Hb] was calculated using one of three cytometers; Bayer-H3 (1997-1999, n=4554), ADVIA-120 (1999-2010, n=8636) and Sysmex XT-2000i (2010-2012, n=697). The final model was a linear mixed model for [Hb] with analyzer (H3, ADVIA, Sysmex), sex (male, female), sport (power-endurance, endurance, skill, team, disabled and non-athletes), season (summer, winter), and the interaction between sex and sport as fixed effects and athlete as a random effect. The model included an exponential correlation structure to allow for within-subject autocorrelation, and allowed different within-subject variances for each sport. Within-subject [Hb] variance (g2/L2) was significantly less for power endurance (35.09, 95% CI 33.50 to 36.76), disabled (25.82, 95% CI 21.71 to 35.28) and non-athletes (34.30, 95% CI 28.53 to 35.87) than for endurance (40.35, 95% CI 39.62 to 47.22) and team sports (38.70, 95% CI 37.68 to 39.76) athletes. No new evidence was found to justify adjusting the current within-subject [Hb] variance estimate.
AB - The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) estimates individualized reference ranges for key blood markers, such as haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), using predetermined population mean, between- and within-subject variances. Here, we aim to reassess previously published estimates for within-subject [Hb] variance and determine whether sex-, analyzer-, sport-, or season-specific values are required. Our reference population contains 7723 male (mean±SD, 22.3±4.6years of age) and 6164 female (21.6±4.3) athlete observations from 49 sports. [Hb] was calculated using one of three cytometers; Bayer-H3 (1997-1999, n=4554), ADVIA-120 (1999-2010, n=8636) and Sysmex XT-2000i (2010-2012, n=697). The final model was a linear mixed model for [Hb] with analyzer (H3, ADVIA, Sysmex), sex (male, female), sport (power-endurance, endurance, skill, team, disabled and non-athletes), season (summer, winter), and the interaction between sex and sport as fixed effects and athlete as a random effect. The model included an exponential correlation structure to allow for within-subject autocorrelation, and allowed different within-subject variances for each sport. Within-subject [Hb] variance (g2/L2) was significantly less for power endurance (35.09, 95% CI 33.50 to 36.76), disabled (25.82, 95% CI 21.71 to 35.28) and non-athletes (34.30, 95% CI 28.53 to 35.87) than for endurance (40.35, 95% CI 39.62 to 47.22) and team sports (38.70, 95% CI 37.68 to 39.76) athletes. No new evidence was found to justify adjusting the current within-subject [Hb] variance estimate.
KW - Blood doping
KW - Endurance sports
KW - Haemoglobin concentration
KW - Within-subject variance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84958767316&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/dta.1809
DO - 10.1002/dta.1809
M3 - Article
C2 - 25990883
AN - SCOPUS:84958767316
SN - 1942-7603
VL - 8
SP - 228
EP - 234
JO - Drug Testing and Analysis
JF - Drug Testing and Analysis
IS - 2
ER -