Abstract
Despite the benefit of interagency information sharing (IIS) in minimizing inconsistent accounting information and business-to-government (B2G) reporting burdens, IIS for companies’ financial statements has not yet been adopted by all government agencies in Indonesia. This research proposes extending the implementation of interagency accounting information sharing in Indonesia. This study focuses on the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)-based financial statements used in B2G reporting. XBRL comprises data standards for reporting business and financial information.The main research question of this research is, “How to implement interagency XBRL-based accounting information sharing?” The answer to this central question relies on understanding two conditions—the current use of XBRL in IIS and barriers to IIS. These two conditions correspond to this thesis’s first (RQ1) and second (RQ2) research questions: 1) “What is the current status of using XBRL in information sharing by government agencies in Indonesia?” and 2) “What are the barriers to interagency accounting information sharing in Indonesia?” By understanding these two conditions, this research aims to design and use data standards to overcome the identified barriers. Thus, the third research question (RQ3) is, “How can a data standard (XBRL) help reduce the barriers in accounting information sharing?”
This research employed the design science research (DSR) methodology to address the research questions. The DSR consists of several phases: awareness of the problem, suggestion phase, development, evaluation, and conclusion. Interviews with Indonesian government agencies were conducted for RQ1 and RQ2, and then thematic analysis was used to analyze the findings. These findings were used as input for the first two DSR phases (awareness of the problem and suggestion), which formed the basis of phases three and four (development and evaluation). RQ3 was addressed by developing DSR artifacts: the high-level designs of XBRL national taxonomies and interagency information systems (IOS). These artifacts were internally evaluated against the conceptual framework (CF), which consists of selected, identified barriers. The barriers in the CF were selected based on the privacy regulation theory. Further, an XBRL expert evaluated whether the designs could be implemented and would reduce IIS barriers.
According to the findings for RQ1, some agencies (Central Bank of Indonesia and Indonesia Stock Exchange) are using XBRL for B2G reporting. The study indicated a move toward using XBRL at the national level as the best action to implement effective IIS. This justified the research to progress and answer RQ2.
Regarding RQ2, the study investigated whether the barriers to IIS identified in previous literature fit the Indonesian context and if there are barriers in this context not identified in prior studies. The validity of the CF showing the role of XBRL (as data standards) to accommodate the selected barriers was confirmed based on the findings of RQ1, RQ2, and RQ3. This CF was used as the internal evaluation criteria for the information-sharing artifacts developed in this DSR study.
Developing the information sharing artifacts and its design theory, information systems design theory (ISDT), helped address RQ3. Via internal and external evaluation, the study validated the CF, showing that the appropriate designs of IOS and XBRL taxonomies (as data standards) play a significant role in accommodating IIS barriers.
The ISDT was developed in this research to provide a generalization/abstraction of the artifact designs. In this way, the ISDT provides design knowledge on how XBRL taxonomy and IOS should be constructed to accommodate barriers to implementing IIS in more general contexts. For example, in a different jurisdiction (country), for different data types, and for different data standards.
As per the nature of DSR, this study makes practical contributions (relevance) and theoretical/knowledge contributions (rigor), emphasizing the critical synergy between these. These contributions arose from each phase of the DSR.
| Date of Award | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Original language | English |
| Supervisor | Blooma JOHN (Supervisor) & Yogi VIDYATTAMA (Supervisor) |